Adorno notes free essay sample

Theory Adorno argues that Capitalism provides society with the products of a culture industry in order to keep them passive to their positions and prevent them from questioning it. Capitalism uses culture as a way of securing the status quo by providing society with the norms and values of the dominant class. Popular culture is the reason for society being passive towards their positions and uninterested in overthrowing the capitalist system through reminding them that this is the way it hould be. Cultural industries produce unsophisticated, repetitive products rather than something which may lead society to question life. They produce programmes with hidden messages which are absorbed by the viewer, enforcing the norms and values of the capitalists. False needs are created by the capitalist system in order to keep society in a placid state, wanting something that they have been told they should want but that they do not need. We will write a custom essay sample on Adorno notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is created and satisfied by the capitalist ystem while also working in their interest. In television, the difference between high and low culture barely exists as it is so easily accessed by everyone and so class distinctions fade unlike the opera where it is only accessible to a few and so is still seen as high culture. Adorno uses the example of an underpaid schoolteacher who is living in poverty but is clever and so the underlying message is that she will be okay because she is intelligent. He argues how dangerous the use of stereotypes are ithin television, he uses the example of a young, pretty girl who the viewer should instantly like because she is pretty, a pretty girl can do no wrong and so even when she does do wrong, she gets off very lightly with it. Lecture notes Critical theory not keen on television not for effect of violence/propaganda Mass audience same thing sold at the same time, different to live/art TV entertainment, not art = big audience = big profit repetitive, series, seasons, run on investment hrough advertising Compound industrial form, tv is accumulation of radio/film/plays/ music/novels Dumbling down? tv is art, freedom of the art to express anything, mass culture, makes money, profits, advertising Critique of ideology obscures real conditions of existence, smooths over issues/contradictions, system of ideas for everyone, relies on compliance of workers with system Critical theory commercial/ capital interests dominate Critique/opposition/reason suppressed TV more complex more layers, can be critical

AFFECTS OF SUPERHEROES TO CHIL essays

AFFECTS OF SUPERHEROES TO CHIL essays Since the publishing date of the first illustrated books, the hero characters have taken their places in the daily life of the people. In fact, many hero characters had existed for centuries through the history. They had been living in tales and epic stories and being spread by the word of mouth between people but they were not as effective as the visual ones. Especially after the rapid increases in the film technology, the film industry started to create new superheroes. After a while, film makers became aware of the profitability of series films for the superheroes. Many of the films of specific superheroes are produced by a sequential name. The best examples for these type of films are superman or the Indiana Jones series. There are sequential names like superman I, II, III and so on. Addition to these films, the strength of the image of the superheroes are supported by some items that help these heroes to be more familiar by the public. These items have a broad spectrum of types from signed photos to coffee cups and from balloons to t-shirts with a picture of hero printed on. These promotion facilities have reached to their peak point by the advertising campaigns with these superheroes. Hollywood became one of the biggest production place for these heroes since the early years of the American film industry and its effects are still on the whole film industry. At the beginning. These heroes , they are either cartoon characters or a film character from TV or cinema, used to give messages to direct people to good behaviors and they were good nominees to be presented as a sample of right personality. A good example for this trend can be found in the life story of Arnold Schwarzenneger who is the founder and the actor of terminator series. At the days of the early superheroes, when Arnold applied to Hollywood producers for its terminator film projects, he was refused by thoughts that his films will not be successful but t...

Major Themes of the Movie (La Vita e Bella) Roberto Benigni Review

Major Themes of the (La Vita e Bella) Roberto Benigni - Movie Review Example They had a son some years later and then the World War II began. Guido, his uncle and his son Joshua were forced to go to a concentration camp on Joshua's birthday. Guido created then a fairy tale in order to keep his son from suffering. He pretended that everything was only a game and they had to score high in order to get the first prize. Even hurt and tired of working all day long carrying heavy metal pieces, he tried to keep a good mood in the presence of Joshua. His attempt to mask the reality was actually a real struggle to keep his son under control and consequently alive, since it was known that children and old people had been sent to the gas chambers. He also created situations that would put him in danger only to keep the fantasy and the safety of his son. Dora was also very brave. She is not Jewish, so her name was not in the list of those who were to be taken to the camp. However, she demanded to go to the same camp as her husband and son. Guido was aware that Dora has b een sent to the same place and tried to reach her in different manners. He made use of a loudspeaker to send her a message in the camp and also played music to her. The major proof of Guido's bravery takes place at the end of the movie. The war was coming to an end and the Nazis were in a hurry to kill as much jews as possible.

Problem list Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Problem list - Assignment Example 17). Unfavorable material price variance is majorly caused by the purchase of better quality and expensive raw materials than the budgeted ones, damage of materials after arrival requiring an urgent reorder on a rush basis. All these factors work to raise the price of raw materials causing an unfavorable price variance. The individuals who should be held responsible for unfavorable material price variance is the purchase manager since he is the one having control over price paid for goods and any other price variations. Unfavorable labor efficiency variance on the other hand is caused by poor quality of raw materials, poorly trained workers, faulty equipments, poor supervision of workers, and poorly motivated workers among others. The person responsible for labor efficiency variance is the production manager, production manager in case he orders the purchase of poor materials and the work center managers responsible for workers in the various departments. Ethical principles of confidentiality and integrity require that employees of the organization should act in the utmost benefit of the company’s interest. In addition the management accountants of any organization are required to maintain the highest standards of ethical conduct in their duties. In this respect they should not use any information about their company for their selfish gain, since confidentiality principle requires them not to disclose any confidential information they have acquired from the company in the course of their work with them. Being Tastee Fruit Company’s Accountant, Adams is exposed to some vital information about the company for example the prices in which it buys its raw materials. By the fact he disclosed this information to his friend; Adams has appeared to and has used the confidential information about the company for an unethical advantage of his friend, a third party to the organization. In addition, if he were to suggest a cheaper supply of

Contract Law Part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contract Law Part 1 - Essay Example Initially, it was not given much recognition by the courts. It was left to Lord Denning to assess its significance and reintroduce it in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd. In this case the plaintiffs had leased out a number of apartments to the defendants. Thereupon, the World War had commenced. Consequently, the occupancy of these apartments reduced drastically. The defendants requested the plaintiffs and obtained a reduction in the lease amount. Afterwards, the World War came to an end and all the apartments were occupied. At this juncture, the plaintiffs demanded the originally agreed upon lease amount, for the period when the World War had been in progress. Lord Denning ruled that this was inequitable, because this would require the defendants to pay the full amount even though the apartments had been vacant2. Therefore, the plaintiffs were made subject to a promissory estoppel. It was held by the Court of Appeal in Williams v Roffey that where a party to an existing contract later agrees to pay an extra bonus in order to ensure that the other party performs his obligations under the contract, then that agreement is binding if the party agreeing to pay the bonus has thereby obtained some new practical advantage or has avoided a disadvantage. It was also held that executing an existing contractual obligation constitutes valid consideration, because it prevents the breaching of a contract with a third party3. Moreover, in CTN Cash and Carry Ltd v. Gallaher Ltd, it was decided that the practical benefit accruing to the promisor must be treated as consideration for extra payment4. In Central London Property Trust Ltd V. High Trees House Ltd, rent was reduced during World War II, as per the new agreement. After, the war was over, the landlord attempted to invoke the original contract, in order to obtain higher rent. The tenants invoked the principle of estoppel against the landlord and prevented him from enhancing the rent. In

Effect of Globalisation on Poverty Alleviation

Effect of Globalisation on Poverty Alleviation Globalisation Boon or Bane The role of globalisation in alleviating poverty has been subject to intense and recurrent debate while the pro-globalisation (Globalism) movement propound that it has helped many countries such as India and China to reduce poverty[1] , the alter-globalist have denounced globalisation as an unfair development that has increased poverty and widen inequality between the rich and the poor. When we talk about globalisation we mean it is a process that is taking place where national economies, societies are being integrated into a global network of communication and trade. The integration of regional economies in the international economy is gradually being done through the liberalisation of trade, capital flows, migration and the spread of technology. The main drivers of globalisation are shown in the diagram below. Economic globalisation revolves mainly around the idea of liberalising trade and capital flows, this proposal is inspired from J.Williamson set of ten economic policies recommendations known as the Washington Consensus. Free trade refers to the removal of government erected barriers such as tariffs and quotas to facilitate trade which according to the theory of comparative advantage allows both the buyer and seller to make gains. The arguments in favour of trade liberalisation are that it spurs innovation which eventually benefits the consumer. In a situation where firms have to compete with local and foreign competitors innovating and producing at the lowest possible cost is a necessity if the firm wants to retain customers. When the government has protectionist tendencies i.e. close down or restrict access to the market it is clearly done at the expense of consumers who are charged higher price. A clear of example of protectionism in Russia is the increase in tariffs by 15% on car imports which is believed to be a strategy to weaken the demand for import cars and boost up the demand for Russian cars to help the local car industry which makes car of poorer quality hence the customer loose. In addition the Europe CAP spent a staggering â‚ ¬ 49.8 billion in subsidies to protect its agricultural sector which employs less than 5% of EU population which clearly shows an inefficient allocation of resources. Free trade can also increase a countrys output and stimulate economic growth for example in the aftermath of joining the NAFTA Mexico experienced a surge in its export by 12.5% from 1995-2000. Economic freedom is promoted with trade liberalisation because freer trade increases the consumer options and the positive outcome is that customer sovereignty triumphs. It is also propounded that free trade helps in propagating democratic values because in a country where there is no rule of law i.e. contracts cannot be enforced and investor protection is also poor this will deter foreign investors and hindering economic development. Freedom house state that the most economically open countries are three times more likely to enjoy full political and civil freedoms as those that are economically closed. Finally it is believed by many economists that slashing trade barriers would boost the world economy by $613 billion[2] equivalent to the Canadian economy. The case against trade liberalisation has enjoyed strong support among alter-globalist and some developing countries. According to globalists who are strongly supported by developed countries argue that protectionism is a squander of resources (subsidies) to protect unproductive firms which penalise the consumer with products that are expensive and of poorer quality. The economic justification for protectionism for many developing countries lies in the infant industry argument. It is a fact that countries like UK or USA did not flourish on the liberalisation policies that they now staunchly recommend to developing states in fact during the nascent stage of their respective industries both aggressively protected and subsidised them. The rationale for developing countries to protect their infant industry is that even if in the short run the government will have to help them with large amount of funds the benefits accruing to the economy in terms of employment; increase in exports will eventually outweigh the initial cost in the long run. Neutal and Heshmati (2006) stated that thoughcountries such as China, Thailand, and Vietnam may be premier globalisers and also enjoyed strong economic growth and poverty reduction they have liberalized imports very slowly and still have relatively restrictive trade barriers. Ironically while developed countries are in favor of freer trade they still heavily subsidise their agricultural sector and are able to sell the products at a lower price which causes the poor farmers in developing countries to suffer.In addition viewed from the perspective of poorer countries the idea that freer trade helps to disseminate democratic values is a myth it is acknowledged that corruption is rampant in most deprived nations consequently the entrance of powerful multinationals can amplify corruption with the capture of local politicians by lobby groups to swerve the law in their favour. For example freer trade between China and USA or EU has not been translated in the amelioration of China human rights record. Outsourcing production is also a major component of free trade when large MNEs outsource their production they can compromise more easily in developing nations on the labour and environmental standards by employing child labour[3] and by not complying with eco-friendly standards. The second aspect of economic globalisation is financial liberalisation which refers to the capital account and financial services liberalisation where government owned banks are privatised and the admission of the private sector in the financial market becomes less stringent. The benefits accruing to the economy with the liberalisation of capital flows is an efficient allocation of capital from developed to developing countries which increase availability of funds for investors to finance technological development and stimulate economic growth. Additionally financial liberalisation is perceived as a commitment to sound economic policies sound economic policies because a country with an open capital account is immediately rebuked by both domestic and foreign investors in the event of a decline in its policy environment hence the need for policymakers to implement sound policies. The adversaries of financial liberalisation argue that the recent series of financial crisis have occurred because of liberalisation consequently they argue for a non-liberalised economy, for instance Thailand an open economy experienced fast growth and also crisis while India a non-liberalised economy enjoyed slow but sure growth path[4]. Moreover financial liberalisation has failed most developing countries for instance Brazil and Chile had experienced appalling results with bank failures soon after deregulating their financial sector the reasons given are a fragile banking system coupled with a weak institutional environment where the rule of law is weak, corruption rampant and banking supervision failed. The link between globalisation and technology are unequivocal since without technological innovation globalisation would not have taken place. The internet or fax for instance has made it possible for people/companies to communicate in real time between countries the benefit is that this has significantly condensed time, remove the need for middle men in business transactions. Technology has also reduced asymmetric information by lowering the cost of information. Globalisation and technology has created new industries like the BPO which includes many business such as call-centers, web design, accounting services. Though alter globalist refute the possibility of technology of propagating democratic values in the world, globalism partisans are keen to stress on that internet has given people a platform to voice out their opinion for instance if a MNEs firm is outsourcing its production process in a developing nation where ILO[5] labour standards are not complied then the ILO can denoun ced this practice which would be tantamount to a massive pressure force causing MNEs to comply with the set standards. As Jimmy Carter eloquently said Globalization, as defined by rich people like us, is a very nice thing you are talking about the internet, cell phones and computers. This doesnt affect 2/3 of the people of the world. The digital divide between developed and developing states is evident it is known that technology innovation is important for growth, but since developed countries has a clear advantage in terms of RD capacity, supporting infrastructure and also the required literate workforce it is predominantly rich countries that are benefitting of advances in technologies. The argument of technology transfers that can eliminate the gulf in technology mismatch between rich and poor countries through FDI and trade has its limitations since the Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) regime has various components which prohibit technology transfers. Additionally to discern why technology advancement has largely served developed countries interest we need to understand that in most developin g countries an overwhelming majority of the people make a living out of the primary sector hence FDI in the tertiary sector has not helped them. Though it is largely thought that developing countries have been the hardest hit by globalisation this is erroneous because in developed nations too there have been job losses. The recent phenomenon of off- shoring is a practice where goods/services that were earlier produced locally in developed countries are now shifted in developing states because of lower cost and then imported back in the developed country, this practice has caused massive redundancies in the manufacturing sector and causing discontent among the local population. Irrespective of ones view on globalisation it is a non-reversible process that has taken place as such it is in the interest of each country to take the best of this process. The hostility to globalisation in developing countries can be reduced if the policies benefit the majority and not the rich minority, for instance in India the population approved the gradual reform economic policies because the benefits has been felt in the countryside. For developed countries the loss of jobs in the manufacturing and even services sector due to off shoring since the in developing countries people are ready to work for a fraction of what the westerners earn. To mitigate the job losses economist argue that the government should devise apt policies to help the workforce retrain and the private sector must constantly innovate to retain their competitive edge. References Demirguc Kunt Financial liberalization and financial fragility Pg 2-4 Froning D. (2000) The Benefits of Free Trade: A Guide for Policymakers Griswold D. Does Trade Promote Democracy? Ha-Joon Chang. How the Economic and Intellectual Histories of Capitalism Have Been Re-Written to Justify Neo-Liberal Capitalism Neutal M and Heshmati A (2006) Globalisation, Inequality and Poverty Relationships: A cross country evidence Pg 4 Sharma B. India and China lift millions out of slums: UN Singh A. Capital account liberalization, free ling-term capital flows, financial crisis and economic development Pg 2 Ted Case Studies Nike Shoes and Child labour in Pakistan 10 benefits of the WTO trading system How to make technology transfer work for human development Pg3-4 Democracy and development are winners in the election S.Dhume http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090112/119431521.html http://www.ausaid.gov.au/keyaid/growth.cfm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_industry_argument http://www.abcarticledirectory.com/Article/Reaping-The-Benefits-Of-Globalization-And-Technology/81138 India and China have lifted 125 million people from slums for period 1995-2000 10 benefits of WTO See Nike Shoes and Child Labour in Pakistan Tornell (2006) International labour Organisation

Folklore in Star Wars, Planet of the Apes, and Alice in Wonderland :: Movies Film TV Television Essays

Folklore in Star Wars, Planet of the Apes, and Alice in Wonderland Folklore in the movies usually focuses around a hero or heroine, that hero or heroine is in a situation that they have to overcome. The hero or heroine can come in many different forms; it could be a teenage boy a long time ago, in a galaxy far far away, or an over the hill astronaught lost in space, or a little girl who falls down a hole. I am going to show how three movies contain folklore, Star Wars IV: A New Hope, Planet of the Apes one, and Alice in Wonderland. But first I need to define what folklore in the movies is. Folklore in the movies has five main points which the hero or heroine goes through. The call to adventure: something has to happen to the hero or heroine in order to get them involved in some situation which concerns them greatly. Refusal of the call: the hero or heroine has to disobey something or someone. Supernatural aid: the hero or heroine gets help from an outside force, someone wiser than the hero or heroine, and someone who understands the situation better. The crossing of the first threshold: once involved with the situation before them, the hero or heroine has a conflict which causes them to get caught in the belly of the whale. The belly of the whale: the hero or heroine gets caught in some place, of which they try to escape. Star Wars is one of the best movies to use as an example for folklore in the movies. The call to adventure: fate would have it that R2D2 would land into the hands of Luke Skywalker. The only thing keeping Luke from joining the Rebel Alliance is his uncle Owen Lars, aunt Beru Lars, and the harvest; but when the empire comes looking for R2 they come to Luke's house and kill his aunt and uncle. Refusal of the call: at first Luke says no to Ben (Obi-Wan) Kenobi. Han Solo doesn't want to help the Rebel Alliance at first, but at the end he does and saves Luke's life. Supernatural aid: Obi Wan is the old man in Star Wars who understands the force and who teaches Luke the ways of the force. The crossing of the first threshold: when Alderaan gets blown up, the Millennium Falcon gets caught in the Death Star's tractor beam, leaving them stuck inside the largest, most deadly battle-station ever created.

A Simple Eassy For Entering the University Essay

I would be grateful if I could continue my studies in the tertiary education. In my mind, the University undergraduates should not only pursue academic excellence, but also show great concern for their society. A University education should allow students to explore their potentials and talents. On top of that, it should also help them to develop a positive philosophy of life and to think in a logical and systematic way. Life on the campus should be comfortable and multifarious. Firstly and most importantly, I look forward to challenging myself. My expectations to my future career are that it could fit my interest and provide senses of accomplishments to me. Moreover, I hope my profession could be meaningful and respectable; and could serve the needs in the community. For my areas of strengths, I have an independent and analytic mind. I can think logically and critically. Moreover, I am helpful and considerate to others. During my secondary school years, I had taken part in different kinds of extra-curricular activities, like Computer club, Chess club, Astronomy club and English club. They gave me good chances to gain more knowledge that cannot be learnt from general lessons in school. For service terms, I was one of the committee members of the Student Librarians and School I.T. Term. The opportunities of being a committee member, trained my leadership and organization skills. However, I still need more life-experiences to solve the problem I will meet in the future. Finally, if I could have a chance to study in the University, I would do my best to learn. After my graduation, I will contribute to the community by applying what I have learnt in the university to whatever job I might find. As a result, I really hope the University can give me a chance to study and a chance to serve the society in the future.

the pearl essay by john steinbeck

the pearl essay by john steinbeck the pearl essay by john steinbeck English 11 â€Å"That ranch we’re goin to is down there about a quarter mile. We’re gonna go in an’ see the boss. Now, look I’ll give him the work tickets, but you aint gonna say a word.† Prejudice plays a significant role in Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck. In many instances, characters are pushed aside. Some characters who are pushed aside are Curley’s wife, Crooks, and Lennie. Prejudice destroys people’s lives. In the novel, Curelys wife is discriminated because of her gender. During this time period, women are basically nothing to the men on the ranch. Steinbeck does not even give her a name. This woman is just simply known as â€Å"Curley’s wife.† For example, Curley attempts to find her in the bunkhouse and says â€Å"you seen a girl around here.† In addition to that, nobody even wants to speak to her as the men would like to talk and have discussions with other guys and men as they show prejudice towards her. The idea of prejudice can single handily ruined Crooks life on the ranch a living nightmare. Since Crooks is of the African American decent, he was placed in a small shed. This shed had isolated him to sleep and stay at night. Unfortunately, he was separated from everybody else on the ranch. When Crooks attempts to show self-pride, Curley’s Wife immediately shuts him down. She says â€Å"listen n*****†. On top of being judged, Crooks was kicked in the back by a horse. That is why he is now a hunched back and does not have much going for him in life. The life of Lennie was ruined for him by him being mentally slower than others. He was impacted by the act of being discriminated for his amount

Statistics and Soft Drink Essays

Statistics and Soft Drink Essays Statistics and Soft Drink Essay Statistics and Soft Drink Essay CASE 1 DEMAND ESTIMATION and ELASTICITY: Soft Drinks in the U. S. Demand can be estimated with experimental data, time-series data, or cross-section data. In this case, cross-section data appear in the Excel file. Soft drink consumption in cans per capita per year is related to six-pack price, income per capita, and mean temperature across the 48 contiguous states in the United States. QUESTIONS 1. Given the data, please construct (a) a multiple linear regression equation and (b) a log-linear (exponential) regression equation for demand by MS Excel. (20%) 2. Given the MS Excel output in question 1, please compare the two regression equations’ coefficient of determination (R-square), F-test and t-test. Which equation is a good (better) fit? Which equation shows the stronger overall significance to predict the future demand? Which equation will you choose for a better demand estimation? Explain your answer in the language of statistics. 20%) 3. Given your choice of equation in question 2, please interpret each coefficient of independent variable in the soft drink demand estimated equation. (10%) 4. Given your choice of equation in question 2, how many cans/capita/year on soft drink should be for a state in which 6-pack price=$2. 45, Income/Capita=$36,500, and Mean Temp= 68Â °F? (20%) 5. Given your choice of equation in question 2 and the numbers in question 4, please calc ulate the price elasticity of demand and income elasticity. Comment on whether the demand is elastic or inelastic and whether soft drink is necessity, normal good or luxury good. (10%) 6. Now omit the price and temperature from the regression equation then run the regression again. Given the Excel output of only one independent variable, income, should a marketing plan for soft drinks be designed that relocates most canned drink machines into low-income neighborhoods? Please explain your answer in the language of economics. (20%)

Answer the question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Answer the question - Assignment Example The case was against the state where Batson v. was a defendant from the U.S supreme court acting as the defendant. He had a great argument that the blacks were of the same fitness as the white people to have a place in the judiciary. The case was first filled in Kentucky, in the state court of petitioner. This case was then discussed in many other courts like the United States’ Supreme Court. Joe Gutmann, who was a prosecutor, agreed that Supreme Court made a good decision since it prohibited lawyers from discerning in jury assortment. He said that the reason of him removing the black was as they were youthful and they might have sympathized with Batson. The case took almost a year to be decided. It was in the U.S Supreme court where the case was decided. Finally, the black society had the right and positions in the judiciary. The violation of their rights as the black was no longer there. Black venire men have excited (Overland,

Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts - Term Paper Example Internal control, proper reporting mechanism and the implementation of sound accounting policies and procedures shall rest with the management due to which, role of management has increased. A forensic accountant must have an in-depth study of the documents presented and should have the command to use computer software and so on. Forensic auditors must have excellent written and oral communication skill. Auditors must be aware of IT application and business processes to have a grip on IT related frauds. To nab the tax dodgers, Internal Revenue Service has number of trained people who gather information from different sources / channels to be used to detect tax frauds. IRS has the power to confiscate property of the tax defaulter / tax dodger in order to pressurize them to clear their tax liabilities. FRAUD, ERRORS AND ILLEGAL ACTS The Auditors’ Responsibilities to Detect Fraud, Errors and Illegal Acts The basic responsibility of an auditor is to detect fraud, errors and illega l acts that takes place in an organization and report it to the competent committee for audit to take appropriate measures to prevent fraud, errors and illegal acts (Alleyne & Howard 2005). ... controls, absence of controls, ineffective controls and overriding of controls by the management that culminates fraudulent expenses and skimmed of assets; to pinpoint the individual(s) that are involved in fraudulent transaction, their attitude and past history; identify the loopholes attracting fraud(s) and to suggest management / competent committee of the Board to plug in the identified loopholes (AICPA 2002). After the debacle of Enron and World Com, the American legislatures drafted and promulgated an act named as â€Å"Sarbanes Oxley Act-2002† just to restore the investor’s confidence. The act sets the new pattern of accountability and imposition of penalties for the wrongdoers (Alleyne & Howard 2005). According to laid down criteria, auditors have to take into account the mentioned criterion while auditing an enterprise. Auditors who have conducted audit of an organization shall keep audit reviews for a period of five years. Auditors are to certify the effective ness of internal controls of an entity wherein they conducted audit. They have to advise the management to form a team of experts from finance, audit, information technology, operation, risk management and legal to evolve comprehensive procedure for an effective control on financial transactions (Alleyne & Howard 2005). The team of experts should directly be reporting to the CEO/CFO of the company for necessary guidance and instructions in light of the audit reports. Management should bear the cost of compliance to improve / revamp existing system for an effective internal control. Auditors should not encroach upon the discretions of management for implementation of comprehensive procedure concerning effective internal controls or overcome the internal control deficiencies.