Personal Narrative - Christmas Memory Essay -- Personal Narrative Essa

I think Christmas has always been one of my favorite holidays. Maybe because of the spare atmosphere that you can feel everywhere, in shops, restaurants , pubs and even streets, where you can hear the magical carols, or maybe its because of its religious background, but what I can spot you for sure is that I cant think of anything more exciting than the image of the entire family preparing the Christmas Tree or fixing the Christmas dishes. When I think of Christmas the first thing that pops into my school principal is the delicious Chocolate Cake that only my grandma knows how to prepare. Perhaps this is the reason why, every year, my family and me try to spend our holiday at our grandmas place.So, every year, we all footfall into the car and try not to think at the long road that we have in f...

It’s Time to Include Gays and Lesbians in Our Study of Literature Essay

The growth of snappy people as a group has been astonishing. It is not possible to guess how scarce we will grow from our experiences in the years ahead, but it is possible to predict that growth will continue, one way or another. A diverse and unanimous global community has been established.(Clark 60) Dr. Don Clark, clinical psychologist and university professor, boldly expresses his views on the changing nature of the gay and lesbian community in his text, Loving Someone Gay. Clark describes how faraway gay people have advanced in the last thirty years, moving from isolated and fearful existences to lives marked by political power and potential. Indeed, the gay community, and lesbians in particular, have transformed into large and respected forces in American culture. As with any societal group, their cultural contributions have continued to expand and cave in along with their newly acquired political finesse, giving the gay community a sense of pride in its artistic and liter ary achievements. Since education is a first source of transferring cultural understanding and awareness, it is essential that educational institutions respect the achievements of this newly empowered community in the selection of relevant curriculum. But they must similarly be careful while many texts offer a representative portrayal of the gay community, there are others which reveal a more nail down view. For example, in 1973, author Rita Mae dark-brown published a shocking exploration of one girls growing up lesbian in America. Creating images of rape, incest, and promiscuity, Brown portrayed a cold, angry character willing to blame her sexual identity on a dysfunctional family and an unyielding educational system. While uniquely American in both its authorship and... ...EBSCOhost. Glenbrook North H.S. Lib., Northbrook, IL. 8 Apr. 2002 . Randolf, E. Women and Other Women. Art Journal Sum. 1991 29-34. MasterFILE Elite. EBSCOhost. Glenbrook North H.S. Lib., Northbrook, IL. 8 Apr. 2002 . Roberts, Edgar V., and Henry E. Jacobs. LiteratureAn Introduction to meter reading and Writing. New Jersey Prentice, 2001. Ruoff, A. Lavonne Brown, and Jerry W. Ward, Jr. Redefining American Literary History. New York MLA, 1990. Worth, Chrissie. Rita Mae Brown verifies outspoken attitude during Oxford visit. The Daily Mississipian 23 Apr. 1996. 1 Apr. 2002 . Zacks, Rebecca. LeVay Shares Thoughts on Gay factor Research. Scientific American 7 June 1996. 3 Apr. 2002 .

The Manifestation Of Sin :: essays research papers

The Scarlet Letter is a book of much symbolism. One of the most complex and misunderstand symbols in the book is drib, the daughter of Hester Prynne. Throughout the story Pearl develops into a prominent symbol of the "A". In this essay the example of symbolism Pearl comes to represent will be explained.In the Scarlet Letter, Hester, for her sins, received a scarlet letter, "A" which she had to wear upon her chest for the rest of her life in Boston. This was the Puritan counseling of punishing her for her then criminal action of adultery. She wondered the streets to be given sour looks from all. This eventually caused so much mental and physical anguish that she eventually questioned wherefore she should live if it werent for her Pearl. Pearl was a bundle of life sent from god to remind her of her wrong doing each and every moment and as a walkway sermon to preach against sin for others.Hesters wasted life the ultimate price that Hester paid for Pearl. With Pearl , Hesters life was almost never filled with joy, but instead a constant reminder of the harsh word adultery. Pearl would also make her own "A" to wear, and sometimes she played games wither her mothers trying to hit it with rocks. When Hester would go into the town with Pearl, the other children would make fun of her and Pearl and would yell and throw dirt at them. So in this case, Pearl symbolized the decimation of Hesters life and mental state. Although Hester had so much trouble with Pearl, she still felt that Pearl was her ultimate treasure. Pearl was really the only thing that Hester had in life. Surely if Pearl wasnt in Hesters life, Hester would begin taken her own life. Once and a while, Pearl would bring joy to Hesters life, and that helped her to bare the guilt, lonesomeness, and isolation that became the main theme of her life. Pearl could be compared to weather, sometimes good, sometimes bad, but always changing. It was Pearls pounding storms that gave Hester so much grief. Pearls exuberant personality caused Puritans to believe she was a child of witchcraft and a mischievous little elf. tho basically she represented everything that was the exact opposite of Puritan belief. Pearls taunting and malice disposition sometimes even caused Hester to make outbursts like "Thou art not my child Thou art no Pearl of mine" Some would believe the "A" stood for anti-puritan for her wild soul could never be confined by the rules of the conservative Puritan Society.

Malcolm X vs. Dr. King: Passive vs; Aggressive Essay -- essays researc

Africans were brought to the States by Europeans, not of their own volition, but in chains, without the knowledge that all over the next some(prenominal) hundred years, generations and generations of our people would be brutally and unjustly treated as nothing more than property or animals. The era during which slavery flourished, Africans were bred, overworked, beaten, lynched, and stripped of each positive identity or self respect. When slavery was abolished in 1865, Africans, or former slaves, were left without a place in America. Where did they fit in? What was the use of goods and services that they were to play as, so called, American citizens? Some, undertook the role of leader, and preached and taught what they felt was the best process by which, blacks could achieve equality. From the beginning, however, there were conflicts concerning the nature of how this was to be accomplished. This discrepancy over passive and aggressive attitude concerning the advancement of black s in America has permeated, and at times, divided the black community from the time that Africans were brought here in chains, until the present. Malcolm Xs philosophies, which centered more on blacks accepting themselves, and loving themselves, and creating their own sense of pride, was deemed racist by the media and he was portrayed as militant/violent by the Civil Rights Activists, when in fact Malcolm Xs teachings contain the exact remedy that we victims of America (Malcolm X uses this term to distinguish the fact that blacks were not brought to America out of their own volition) need in order to live the best lives in the conditions that we run through been forced into by whites.Booker T. Washington, born in 1856, was a prominent leader of the black community during the years following the abolishment of slavery, who believed that equality and respect for blacks would be gained over time. Washington preached to his followers that they should work on bettering themselves, not t hrough liberal education, but by learning a trade or vocation which could be of service to either the black or white community, and that in time, whites would allow blacks to assimilate into their society. William Edward Burghardt Dubois, born in 1868 and more commonly known as W. E. B Dubois, was Washingtons adversary. Dubois preached that blacks should demand their rights, both(prenominal) human and civil, and that this w... ...proach of the Civil Rights Movement, led by Dr. King and financed by whites, would lead to the loss of black pride because it would encourage blacks to try to be white in order to fit in the white society. Today, blacks have the same legal rights as whites, but there is still blatant racism in America. Blacks have integrated into the white society, and the loss that Malcolm feared has become a reality. We straighten our hair in order to make it look like theirs, wear their clothes, and learn a school curriculum that centers around their history. There are more black men in prison than in college, and the percentage of black owned businesses is good disproportionate to the black population. The Civil Rights Movement was successful, and the Black Power Movement has been forgotten, but have blacks found their place? SOURCESHaley, Alex The Autobiography of Malcolm X Ballantine Publishing assort 1964Malcolm X Message to the Grass Roots, speech, Nov. 1963, Detroit (Published in Malcolm X Speaks, ch. 1, 1965)Malcolm X speech, Dec 12, 1964, New York, NY Marable, Manning By Any Means Necessary The Life and Legacy of Malcolm X, speech New York, NY

Wallace Stevens Harmonium and the Visual Arts :: Literature Art Papers

Wallace Stevens Harmonium and the Visual ArtsBy the time Wallace Stevens moved to New York city in 1900 he had completed three years as a special student at Harvard, and had published a few poems in the Harvard monthly and the Advocate (a literary journal at Harvard of which he was president). He continued to pursue a literary life in New York, but after an attempt at journalism and at the urging of his father (L59), he enrolled in New York Law School in the fall of 1901. In 1904 he passed the bar and eventually acquired a position in the insurance field after attempting to hang out his own shingle (Stevens, H., 77-8). He married Elsie genus Viola Moll (a woman also from Reading) in 1909 and in 1916 they moved to Hartford. Stevens was by this time working for the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co., the insurance company he was to stay with for the rest of his flight, becoming vice-president in 1934. Before leaving for Hartford, though, he caught the literary bug again (L 187) and by 1914 Stevens was submitting poetry again for publication and communication with the editor of Poetry, Harriet Monroe (L 192). The thirteen years separating any serious poetic out tack together on the part of Stevens might easily be accounted for by his early career in law and his desire to make a secure place for himself there. Above all a practical man, Stevens may have simply put a sustained effort at poetry aside for a time in order to avoid poverty, as he said he did for eight years after publishing Harmonium in 1923 (L 364). Perhaps he was stewing during this time, having a few life experiences and just generally maturing. Also, his wooing and marriage, which might also have been delayed for economic reasons, had taken place during this interval. Any or all of these variables could have worked to delay his poetic achievement. The turning vizor came, I believe, once Stevens came into close contact with modern artists and their works. Although there is no sustained discussi on of visual art or influences in Stevens letters, I lead argue that the writing of Harmonium is in a sense bracketed by Stevens exposure to Walter Arsenberg and his salon. It is my contention that Stevens wrote Harmonium while steeped in modern art and its hypothetical underpinnings and that the poems contained in his first book of poetry reflect certain modern visual sources.

Wallace Stevens Harmonium and the Visual Arts :: Literature Art Papers

Wallace Stevens Harmonium and the Visual ArtsBy the time Wallace Stevens moved to New York City in 1900 he had completed trine years as a special student at Harvard, and had published a few poems in the Harvard Monthly and the Advocate (a literary journal at Harvard of which he was president). He continued to pursue a literary life in New York, but after an attempt at journalism and at the urging of his father (L59), he enrolled in New York Law School in the fall of 1901. In 1904 he passed the bar and eventually acquired a blot in the insurance field after attempting to hang out his own shingle (Stevens, H., 77-8). He married Elsie Viola Moll (a woman also from Reading) in 1909 and in 1916 they moved to Hartford. Stevens was by this time working for the Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co., the insurance comp whatsoever he was to stay with for the rest of his career, becoming vice-president in 1934. Before leaving for Hartford, though, he caught the literary bug again (L 187) and by 1914 Stevens was submitting verse again for publication and communicating with the editor of Poetry, Harriet Monroe (L 192). The thirteen years separating any serious poetic output on the part of Stevens might easily be accounted for by his early career in law and his desire to stupefy a secure place for himself there. Above all a practical man, Stevens may have simply put a sustained effort at poetry aside for a time in order to avoid poverty, as he said he did for eight years after make Harmonium in 1923 (L 364). Perhaps he was stewing during this time, having a few life experiences and just generally maturing. Also, his courtship and marriage, which might also have been slow for economic reasons, had taken place during this interval. Any or all of these variables could have worked to delay his poetic achievement. The turning point came, I believe, once Stevens came into close relate with modern artists and their works. Although there is no sustained discussion of visual art or influences in Stevens letters, I will argue that the writing of Harmonium is in a sense bracketed by Stevens exposure to Walter Arsenberg and his salon. It is my contention that Stevens wrote Harmonium while steeped in modern art and its theoretical underpinnings and that the poems contained in his first book of poetry reflect certain modern visual sources.

Are the Views of the Roman Catholic Church Out of Touchs?

This essay does not intend to cause offence, pass off across as heretical or blasphemous in any way. Obviously, every single view the roman print Catholic church service holds atomic number 18 not out of soupcon with new twenty-four hours attitudes, but this essay focuses on the views of the church which are currently discussed some frequently. The controversy and criticism surrounding the Catholic church building in this day and get along is of staggering proportions.It would be very difficult to pick up the said(prenominal) newspaper every day for a year and not at least once read a headline like Catholic Bishop Denounces Gay Couples Right to Marriage or Catholic Church Once Again Speaks bulge Against Contraception Use. Its clear that some of the views of the Catholic Church can discriminate, intimidate, and gener totallyy infuriate people. The modern man or woman, in most cultures and societies is free to be jocund, use contraception or become a priest regard little of your gender.However, the Catholic Church still takes an almost medieval barbel to these issues, and by doing so has caused much outrage over the past few decades. Is this an adapt or die situation? Is it the case that the Roman Catholic Church needs to be dragged kicking and screaming into the 21st century? Or are their traditional views still applicable today? Its very motiveless to say that some of the views of the Roman Catholic Church are outrageously out of touch perception with the modern world, what with all the bad press it receives these days.But these views are base on smells that date back thousands of years. You might argue that, to keep up with todays open and ever-changing company, the Catholic Church should allow means for ad honourablements to their views that they hold so firmly. However, some find it quite arrogant that people could be so bold as to suggest such a thing, considering these views are millennia old. Certain theories (and I stress the word th eories) about some issues, such as the idea that homosexuality is acceptable, have been around for merely decades.Why should Catholics change their printing system, which is based on the near-on two thousand year old scriptures and the teachings of their current church, just because widely popular but relatively new theories about matters that they obligate sinful are becoming commonly accepted among many different cultures? It would be like demolishing the Sistine Chapel and rebuilding it but with galvanised steel and glass, just because those materials are popular choices for many large buildings these days. We cannot simply get rid of some beliefs that date back two millennia because of the opposing beliefs of opular demand. Its important in this time when authority is challenged, people with a absolute object lesson compass are hard to come by and human life is not value very highly that we hold on to traditional Christian beliefs. If we did away with tradition and complete ly modernised the Catholic Church wed have the pope going out on Saturday nights, drinking his own body weight in alcoholic beverages, starting violent fights with anyone who accidently bumps into him then find the nearest drunk female person and get her pregnant in a drunken one-night-stand.This may be a slight exaggeration, but you get the point if we start woof away and changing the traditional beliefs then we end up with a church people will find hard to take seriously because of its deficiency of moral principal. If you signed a contract and then without telling you the contractor went against certain terms and condition within the contract I would imagine that youd be jolly annoyed and completely lose any trust you had in that contractor. Some say that the Catholic Church is not out of touch with modern day mores, but simply gummy to tradition in order to remain a strong and consistent church.Whilst tradition is important, for the Catholic Church to grow and to rid itself of its controversial labels, the fact of the matter is it needs to adjust and update itself to fit modern day attitudes. Its views on homosexuality, contraception and female ordination are very much stuck in a previous century, and if it does wish to grow then it will have to find a new get along to such issues. Its clear to most that being gay is acceptable in this day and age. Contraception usage is encouraged in most part of the world.Women becoming priests is allowed by many cultures. However, the Catholic Church denounces all of these things, most of the time openly. In the eyes of the Roman Catholic faith, being gay or using a condom is sinful. Can a Church that classifies these such things as sinful really grow in todays open, free-speaking society? The Catholic Church teaches that homosexual behaviour is a violation of divine and natural law basically, being gay is sinful. 10% of the population of the world is gay or has had a homosexual experience.Linking these two facts together, surely this doesnt mean that the Catholic Church deems 10% of the population sinners, doomed to spend an eternity in the fiery pits of hell? Today, homosexuality is widely accepted by many communities. You wouldve thought that because of this, the Catholic Church would keep relatively quiet about their views on the open(a). But they are not afraid to preach their beliefs through the media. In September last year, it made the headlines that the Scottish government was holding a reference on whether gay marriage should be introduced.Not long after this did the proposal come under fire from the Roman Catholic Church. The Bishop of Paisley Philip Tartaglia (who was tipped to be the following Archbishop of Glasgow) said that a Scottish government that backed gay marriage did not deserve the support of the Catholic community. This came after the most senior Scottish catholic, Cardinal Keith OBrien, said legalising gay marriage would shame Scotland in the eyes of the world. Theres no doubt that this story would not omit in make homosexuals in Scotland feel discriminated.Discrimination on this scale belongs in pre-1970s America and in history books and should not still be making headlines today. The Catholic Church does not have the right to discriminate against homosexuals, and if they feel that it is their faith that teaches them to do so, then their faith is most certainly out of touch with the world as it is and needs to update itself. Christian acceptance of contraception use is relatively new up until the start of the 20th century all churches frowned upon the use of artificial contraception.In modern times, many churches say it is acceptable to use contraception, but the Roman Catholic Church still forbids it. It regards the use of contraception as intrinsically evil for a variety of reasons. The main issue for Catholics is that using contraception is against natural law the purpose of sex is to produce offspring. Catholics have held this belie f about sex and contraception since the beginning of Christianity. These days, birth control is widely accepted and even promoted in the West, and it looks like the Catholic Church might be fighting a losing battle.A study carried out in 2008 suggests that most practising Catholics are ignoring the Churchs teachings on contraception and sex. 1,500 Mass-goers in England and Wales were surveyed by The Tablet magazine. It was found that the contraceptive chit is used by 54. 5% and nearly 69% had used or would consider using condoms. These statistics come 40 years after Pope capital of Minnesota VI forbade birth control use in his encyclical Humanae Vitae (Of Human Life). The survey also found that more than half think that the teaching should be revised.With figures such as this, coupled with the fact that most people in the West consider using a condom or other forms of contraception the normal and right thing to do, it appears that the Catholic Church is out of touch with modern soc iety on the issue of contraception usage. The idea that a female should become a priest would have been utterly preposterous just a few decades ago, but now in many churches, such as the Anglican Church and most branches of the Protestant Church, the ordination of women is completely acceptable.Although not the only Church that does so, the Roman Catholic Church is possibly the most frank of Christian churches to denounce the right for women to be ordained. In fact, in 2007 the Holy See issued a decree stating that the attempted ordination of women would result in machine rifle excommunication for the women and priests trying to ordain them. Once again, here we see an example where the Roman Catholic Church is lagging behind the fast moving modern day. The idea that only a man should be allowed to become a priest is, many believe, sexist.Granted, other Churches, such as the Orthodox Church, take the same view on such matters, but its not a case of everybody does it, so its fine. I f the Catholic Church wants to seem less repellent towards the modern day man or (in this case in particular) woman, it needs to adapt itself. A survey carried out by the Association of Catholic Priests (ACP) showed that 77% of Irish Catholics wanted women priests. With figures such as these, its clear that an update of the views of the Roman Catholic Church is very much in demand.The subject of abortion is one of great debate and controversy. Not everybody agrees with abortion, but if women choses to abort an unborn baby, for whatever reason, then that is her decision and she will have to live with that. The Roman Catholic Church takes a very firm line on the matter of abortion, saying that deliberately causing one is a grave moral wrong. Having an abortion has led to automatic excommunication from the Catholic Church since the sixteenth century.Unless under strict conditions (laid out by the Canon Law, which states ten extreme bunch In the past, the Roman Catholic Church has come under attack for being too strict and too extreme over some issues that, in the 21st century, are in common practice, such as being gay or using a condom during sex. Admittedly, tradition is important and sticking to it shows a firm and consistent church, but is a church which openly deems homosexuality, contraception and female ordination sinful really able to remain strong in a society where such things are widely accepted?To use a final analogy every successful species on undercoat has had the ability to evolve adapt to its surrounding. If an animal does not evolve then in more cases than not, that animal will die. The fact of the matter is the Catholic Church has not evolved since its birth some two thousand years ago. To survive it must adapt, because at the moment the only conclusion I can come to is that some of the views of the Roman Catholic Church are very much out of touch with modern day mores.

Dippin Dots

Founded in 1988, for over 20 years Dippin Dots has commonly been referred to as the icing the puck scramble of the future. As a go forth of soaring operating costs and plummeting sales, Dippin Dots has endured substantial losses in their number of operating franchises. Dippin Dots flourished for many years as a queer segment of the ice cream market, targeting the out of home demographic, mainly focusing operations in busy areas like amusement parks, theatres and stadiums.Now facing increasingly dangerous competition, Dippin Dots moldiness first identify their problems, and then execute the necessary resolutions if they want to regain their footing in the ice cream business. One problem facing Dippin Dots is that the unique product they offer severely limits the target markets that can be reached. Since retail locations can only offer the product at 10 to 20 infra zero, special storage freezers are required, as well as specially manufactured cryogenic transport chambers in order to dispatch the product.These among separate concerns fuddle limited the distribution of Dippin Dots to only serve the away from home segment of the ice cream market. It is therefore advisable for Dippin Dots to construct an ice cream product which can be offered at temperatures that a supermarket could handle in efforts to reach the major(ip)ity in house consumers of the ice cream market. Dippin Dots must besides tackle the problem of pricing.At $5 for 5 ounces, Dippin Dots is unquestionably at the high end of the spectrum as far as ice cream goes they have therefore aimed for areas where people are more willing to spend money, such as amusement parks like six flags and shopping malls. Another major deterrent to Dippin Dots is the threat of new entrants. According to the article it was due to the negligence in part of Dippin Dots founder Curt Jones , their patent was declared worthless, based on the fact that they had sold their ice cream product to over 800 customers before ev er proposing the patent request.This allowed competitors the opportunity to create exact replicas of their once distinctive product. Whats even more eye gouging is these competitors were all disenfranchised former dealers of Dippin Dots, some of whom are now targeting much more of the global market, an area that should have been maximized by Dippin Dots several years ago.In light of their current and ongoing adversity, Dippin Dots should rapidly seek either a merger with an existing ice cream maker or create their own line of take home ice cream in order to decrease some of the losses that will needfully be associated with this new competition. It is also recommended that Dippin Dots hire a new, experienced sales manager who can deal with supermarket chains, packaging companies, and distribution channels globally.After 20 years of operations, the time has come for Dippin Dots to expand their horizons. Everyone knows the name and children love the product so at least theres no prob lem with check awareness. Because of this legacy and reputation the introduction of Dippin Dots to the supermarket will be sure to turn heads and be a hit. If Dippin Dots can make the transition into this new market trance somehow finding a way to keep their prices competitive, their chances of survival will improve considerably.

The Method of Teaching Conroy’s Used

The Water is Wide takes place on the coast of southeastward Carolina and Yamacraw Island during the nineteen sixties. A man by the name of water faucet Conroy offers to take over on the island, many people on the island progress to no reproduction and are illiterate. When Conroy gets over to the island he finds himself genuinely disgraceful. The t from each oneers at the school believe that the children cannot be taught. His method of larning is very different from others. One of Conroys goals was to teach the children about America. So he showed them movies and permit them listen to American musicians. After doing this about every day, it make an influence in the childrens lives.Big C and Lincoln were the class clowns. They hated the belief because every time they did something bad she would beat them. During most of his time on the island, Conroy stayed with the Skimberrys. The Skimberrys were a nice equal named Zeke and Ida.When H whollyoween came around Conroy decided h e precious to take the children over to Bluffton, South Carolina, or Halloween so they could trick or treat. None of the kids even knew what trick or treating was. After making field tripper forms and sending them home with all the children. The children came back with one of them signed. So Conroy went door to door asking begging each of the parents to let their children go.Throughout the story Pat Conroy took the children many places. Unfortunately Mrs. Brown and Ted Stone accused him of doing many wrong things. He was not able to hold the next year.Even if Conroy did not teach the children anything, he still felt they would be able to survive in the outside world.I like this book. It made me very thankful that I have a good education. I also like the way Pat Conroy writes. In the future, I hope to analyse some of his other books. My favorite area of the book was when they would listen to the music of different artists, I also liked when they would play outside and he would en join about how they played so roughly. This was the dress hat book I have read in a long time. The one part I did not in truth like was how it did not really tell when the story took place. I also did not like all the description. I think people of all ages should read this book.The Method of Teaching Conroys UsedThe Water is Wide takes place on the coast of South Carolina and Yamacraw Island during the nineteen sixties. A man by the name of Pat Conroy offers to teach over on the island, many people on the island have no education and are illiterate. When Conroy gets over to the island he finds himself very disgraceful. The teachers at the school believe that the children cannot be taught. His method of teaching is very different from others. One of Conroys goals was to teach the children about America. So he showed them movies and let them listen to American musicians. After doing this about every day, it made an influence in the childrens lives.Big C and Lincoln were the class c lowns. They hated the principle because every time they did something bad she would beat them. During most of his time on the island, Conroy stayed with the Skimberrys. The Skimberrys were a nice couple named Zeke and Ida.When Halloween came around Conroy decided he wanted to take the children over to Bluffton, South Carolina, or Halloween so they could trick or treat. None of the kids even knew what trick or treating was. After making field trip forms and sending them home with all the children. The children came back with one of them signed. So Conroy went door to door asking begging each of the parents to let their children go.Throughout the story Pat Conroy took the children many places. Unfortunately Mrs. Brown and Ted Stone accused him of doing many wrong things. He was not able to return the next year.Even if Conroy did not teach the children anything, he still felt they would be able to survive in the outside world.I like this book. It made me very thankful that I have a goo d education. I also like the way Pat Conroy writes. In the future, I hope to read some of his other books. My favorite part of the book was when they would listen to the music of different artists, I also liked when they would play outside and he would tell about how they played so roughly. This was the best book I have read in a long time. The one part I did not really like was how it did not really tell when the story took place. I also did not like all the description. I think people of all ages should read this book.

Comparative Essay: Setting in ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ and ‘Hedda Gabler’ Essay

Setting whoremonger often reflect the underlying conceits in a play. In the light of this statement, consider the importance and use of prospect in Hedda Gabler and A trolley car named DesireSetting, with all its varied uses, is native in spread abroading the imprisonment of protagonists and the values of a society in Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen and A Streetcar named Desire by Tennessee Williams. Both playwrights employ the use of telescope in their plays to help reveal underlying ideas, giving the sense of hearing an brain wave to their respective(prenominal) society and the playwrights purpose of showing how societies are responsible for imprisoning their own people. Williams displays the fortes and the f virtues in mid-forties New Orleans with his selection of setting. The setting in A Streetcar named Desire reveals New Orleans carefree and come-and-go attitude.However, the setting also surfaces the citys lack of compassion. Ibsen uses the setting to display the entrapm ent oblige on the protagonist. The constant images of imprisonment such as the window are a constant but subtle reminder to the audience that Hedda Gabler is impris unitaryd by her 19th Norwegian, sexist and propriety orientated society to which she flock have no input to decide her future. The setting utilize by both playwrights is essential in revealing the imprisonment of their protagonists, the values of a society in their respective plays as the set reveals the context of the play.Tennessee Williams uses his set in A Streetcar Named Desire to show the incongruity of Blanche in 1940s New Orleans, finally displaying how she does not belong there. The scene preceding Blanches entrance includes Stanley in his non-white denim work clothes carrying a red stained meat package from the butcher. This reflects the appearance of the setting a poor area of New Orleans, brave grey buildings with faded white stairs complemented by a brown river flowing nearby. The entrance of Blanche i s inconsistent with this set as she is dressed in a white suit with a fluffy bodice, a pearl necklace and carrying a valise.She is literally incongruous with the setting. Even her name Blanche which suggests purity and cleanliness, doesnt conform to the setting. The audience has an instant response in this first scene Blanche is obviously not appropriate to New Orleans in the 1940s as she is instanter contrasting with every issue that is going on around her. Blanches first reactions give testament to he audiences impressions as he is shocked by the house that her sister, Stella, lives in and has to wearily refers to the slip of paper to make sure shes at the right house.This shows that she is not used to this kind of setting at all. As soon as she steps onto the set, Blanche is imprisoned by it. The New America presented by the set is a jail for Blanche as she has no idea how things work and how to interact with women and particularly men. It seems that it is a constant barrier fo r her and she has nowhere to take refuge but her own mind where she speaks faintly to herself. It is recipe for tragedy. Williams has used his set in scene one to introduce the incarceration that Blanche experiences from the care-free and the come-and-go attitudes in New Orleans which continue until the end of the play.However, Ibsen presents the entrapment of the protagonist Hedda, in a different way the proprietary orientated society and setting that she lives in. Hedda Gabler is set in a 19th Norwegian society that is proprietary orientated, in that it values money, genial status and is very traditional. Most of all, women are subjugated. This setting is essential in revealing the Heddas captivity in her society as it puts what she says and interacts with in context, allowing the audience to understand the gravity of her tragic situation. As Hedda and John Brack are talking, Hedda becomes very bitter about her obviously dull life.Brack starts to frustrate her with his hopeful an d wishful persuasion about her future, to which she eventually replies while standing over by the glass door and looking out Ive only got a gift for one thing in the world.. For boring myself to death. She realises that in her society she has only two purposes to marry and to have children. It is clear that she realises this because she knows how boring her life is and she doesnt do thing about it. It becomes clear to the audience that Hedda is trapped by her own society in that it wont accept her as a human being would be. She knows that there is fun and enjoyment to be had.One would say she can see it thought the glass door. But this, again, is a barrier for her that she cant get past. This is what makes Hedda Gabler such a tragic tale she knows what independence and enjoyment can be had outside the walls of her house (which she never leaves in the totality of the play), but she cannot escape them. She knows her fate before she can do anything to change it. She is stuck with her boring life because her 19th century Norwegian society will not allow her to blossom. It can be seen that Ibsen uses his setting to allow the audience to put the tragedy of Hedda Gabler into context of what she says in the play, showing her bitter and inevitable imprisonment in her home from the outside world.Common to both plays is the lack of compassion found within their respective societies emphasising the protagonists confinement in their societies to the audience. Henrik Ibsen displays the deficiency of intellect found within the 19th Norwegian society in the ultimate scene of the play. As the climax of the play is reached, Hedda grabs her pistols and tragi recollecty shoots herself in the head. The characters representing selective split of their society would have been expected to show some sympathy for poor Hedda but none is shown. Three characters are present when the suicide takes place Tesman, Brack and Mrs Elvsted representing the scholars, the law and servant respec tively in their society. None of these characters show any sympathy whatsoever to the now lifeless Hedda.Despicably, Brack criticises her actions and exclaims One doesnt do that kind of thing. This is a full representation of the lack of compassion in their society as before thinking about feeling sorry for poor Hedda Gabler, Brack exclaims that Hedda has through with(p) the wrong thing by the societys values. From this, the audience can see that societys values take priority over everything else. This ultimately shows that Hedda had no chance of branching out from her house from the start. It was always going to end this way. Tennessee Williams also shows the shortage of empathy towards the protagonist in the ultimate scene. When Blanches breakdown is manifested, the characters all around her, each and everyone representing the society and the setting they live in, show hardly any compassion.Of all people who should have been helping Blanche, her sister, decided to call upon a doc tor and a matron to take her to a mental institution. This is very confronting for the audience because if an average woman in 1940s New Orleans cant even show compassion towards her sister and only family left in the world, then who will. In Both plays, this lack of compassion could be the determining factor that led to the fate of both protagonists. All Blanch and Hedda ever wanted was just to fit into their respective societies. But the setting didnt allow them to do so. The setting is ultimately fundamental in revealing the entrapment enforced on both protagonists as the characters representing the setting are able to show the audience the demeanour of their societies which have deficits in levels of compassion.The setting used by both playwrights is essential in revealing the imprisonment of their protagonists, the values of a society in their respective plays as the set reveals the context of the play. Ibsens Hedda Gabler and Williams A Streetcar Named Desire are similar in a way as their respective settings reveal the lack of concern and empathy for their respective societies this deficiency in sympathy towards the protagonists Hedda and Blanche ultimately leads to their tragic fates. However, the plays are different in that Blanches imprisonment in 1940s New Orleans is presented by her incongruity to the setting and New Orleans care-free attitude. Whereas Hedda is imprisoned in 19th century Norway by the social ranked, sexist and proprietary orientated society.

Fire in Religious School in Mecca

Refer to next paragraph. On the 11th of March, 2002, fire laid low(p) a girls school in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Firemen and concerned citizens were quickly on the scene. However, the religious police locked the schoolgirls inside the inferno rather than let them escape into the streets without their enshroud and heal-to-toe cloak. For this same reason, the religious police pr neverthelessted the firemen from entering the schoolhouse to rescue the girls for fear that the girls would be seen without their c everyplaceing.Fourteen young girls were burned to conclusion and dozens more were injured (citation). On October 12th 2002, a 48-year old Kurdish man named Abd alonea Yones, an emigrant from Iraq, savagely murdered his 16-year old daughter Heshu after receiving an anonymous letter telling him that she had been sleeping with her boyfriend. (Asthana & Mistry).This treatment of women in the Islamic world goes against the teachings of the account book.This isnt the real assignment. M essage me directly at natashagils at yahoo dot com for your assignment at half(a) the price.thither argon numerous cases, some reported scarcely or soly unreported, of crimes against women in Islam. Muslims of today have seemed to have deviated significantly from the original teachings of Islam (citation?). Islamic terrorist, Jihad, al-Qaeda, Honor Killings atomic number 18 terms that have become synonymous with Islam in the western world, as has Islamophobia which basically promotes the fear and detestation of Islam and Muslims around the world.The Islamic world, instead of addressing these issues and advocating the true and simply cause of Islam, is instead, in most cases, promoting them. The Talibaan of Afghanistan, Tribal militancy in Pakistan, Shia/Sunni riots, the Hamaas and other fundamental groups within Islam publicize an entirely inaccurate adaption of the essence of Islam.As the Muslim society deviates from the central philosophy of Islam, it doesnt come as a surpr ise that they have deviated too from the societal guidance offered by Islam regarding the treatment of women. The Quran, the divine Book of the Muslims, and the Sunnah (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) have laid down clearly outlined rights of women, most of which arent adhered today. Islam was revealed to Prophet Muhammad in the Arabian Peninsula when it was rife with cruel injustice against women.Women were viewed as the embodiment of sin, misfortune, disgrace and shame, and they had no rights or position in society whatsoever. Indeed, society was confused about the very nature of women and even questioned whether immortal had granted them a soul (Jawad 1). Wives were mere chattel, and when girls were born to a household, great shame was brought to it so much so that they were buried springyThe Quran defied the existing perception of women and refined their position. It outlawed fe mannish infanticide and restored their birth rights . Gustave Le Bon, a famous French thinker, s tatedIslamic virtuous deeds are not limited to honoring and respecting women, but rather, we can add that Islam is the prototypical religion to honor and respect women. We can easily prove this by illustrating that all religions and nations, prior to the advent of Islam, caused much harm and insult to women. (Bon 488).The Quran regards women as being independent human beings and having distinct rights. They are entitled to an inheritance, an education, a line of achievement and even the liberty of choosing a husband. Moreover, it declared men and women as being equal in the eyes of God, with the exclusively exception being their responsibilities with the man defined as the bread earner and the woman as being responsible for the functions around the house. According to the Quran,O you who deal You are forbidden to inherit women against their will, and should not treat them with harshness (Holy Quran, Surah An-Nisa 419)The Prophet Muhammad, in this context, is said to have said,Al l people are equal, as equal as the teeth of a comb. There is no claim of merit of an Arab over a non-Arab, or of a white over a black person, or of a male over a female. Only God fearing people merit a preference with God.Islam, through the teachings of the Quran, bestowed women a number of rights, some of which that women in the West lacked, until the 19th century. For instance, in England, husbands inherited his wives property and possessions when they married. This unfair tradition continued till as late as 1882 (citation?). Muslim women, however, retained their assets could detail conditions in their nikaah (marriage contract), such as the right of divorce were entitled to keep their last names if they wished and were even given the authority to refuse marriage if they didnt sustain their potential partner fit. The Quran laid down these injunctions in 610 A.D. (when it was first revealed), centuries prior to the advent of a formal system of womens rights in the westerly world .Some of the fundamental rights the Quran gives women are1. Human RightsWomen and men are considered to be created with similar natured souls. They are considered equal to men in all spheres of life.And for women are rights over men similar to those of men over women. (Holy Quran, 2226)AndO mankind Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife (Eve), and from them two He created many men and women and fear Allah through Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut the relations of) the wombs (kinship). Surely, Allah is Ever and All-Watcher over you. (Holy Quran, Surah Al-Nisa 41).2. Civil RightsThe elegant rights enjoined by the Quran on women include, but are not limited to the right of divorce, right of keeping her maiden name after marriage, wishing or not to get married, or even chosing her own husband.The Quran also states that there is no compulsion upon women regarding religionThere is no compulsion in religion. Verily, the Right Path has become distinct from the wrong path. Whoever disbelieves in Taghut anything worshipped other then the Real God (Allah) and believes in Allah, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower. (Holy Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2256).3. IndependenceWomen are allowed to leave the home conduct business with men enjoy all the other liberties open to them. There is no restriction upon women provided they conduct their affairs within the teachings of the Quran. Women have the right to go to Mosques, which is considered sacrilegious in many Muslim societies. Not only that, but women have also the right to be Muslim pastors. Aisha, the youngest wife of the Prophet Muhammad, used to convey the teachings of Islam to men and women alike. Shes regarded by some Muslim scholars as being the first Muslim woman preacher.The Quran is very clear in its laws regarding women. It redefined the stance of women an d bestowed upon them an honorable role in society whether as a daughter, a mother or a wife. Men are instructed in their fair and kind dealing towards women. According to the QuranAnd when the female (infant) buried alive (as the pagan Arabs used to do) shall be questioned. For what sin she was killed? (Holy Quran, Surah At-Takwir 818-9).The Quran goes as far as admonishing those men who subjugate or ill-treat womenO you who believe You are forbidden to inherit women against their will. Nor should you treat them with harshness, that you may take away part of the dowry you have given them except when they have become blameful of open lewdness. On the contrary live with them on a footing of kindness and equity. If you take a dislike to them, it may be that you dislike something and God will bring about through it a great deal of good. (Holy Quran, 419)Early Islamic history is replete with examples of Muslim women who showed a strange ability to compete with men and excelled them on many occasions. They were educators, warriors and leaders strong, independent and respected members of society. Unfortunately, that isnt the case in most of the Muslim world today.Women in the Muslim world have been humiliated, exploited and discriminated against in almost all fields of life from schooling, work force inclusion and family roles. However, many of these repressive customs duty do not come from Islam, but are dictated by prevalent cultures and traditions. Oppression against women continues unabated in many parts of the world. Husbands keep their wives, daughters, sisters and mothers monastic from contact with others beside their immediate family members. Rape, mutilation, forced suicide, honor killings are much too common in the Islamic world. In 2006, Rahan Arshad beat his wife and three children to death with a bat, because she was having an affair26Often the crime itself is followed by even more horrifying crime. For instance, in Turkey, 14-year old Nuran Halito gullari was strangled to death by her father after she had been kidnapped and raped30. In real parts of Pakistan, women are offered as compensation for offenses committed by men. This injustice stems from the deep rooted traditions of male-dominance in the Islamic society which have, for centuries, enforced their orthodox, and oft-times inaccurate version of Islam and the Quran.Contrary to general misconceptions and the prevailing conditions, women, accord to the Quran, are entitled to full rights as citizens. Under the guise of Islam, women have been virtually stripped of all rights no education, no instigation of divorce, no travel by oneself, no leaving the home, etc.A deliberate effort on a global scale has to be made to germinate Muslims regarding the fundamental and actual concepts defined in the Quran regarding rights towards women and the awareness that the existing treatment of women in the Muslim world goes against the teachings of the Quran. Emphasis on the lives of Ai sha, Khadija (Prophet Muhammads first wife also known as mother of the believers, Fatima (Prophet Muhammads daughter ) and even Mary who holds a revered position in Islam should be fixed and they can be promoted as role models for inspiration. No nation can succeed without all its members contributing to its success. Muslim nations have to realize that not only is their barbaric treatment of women sinful, but its also self-destructive and will only get worse if not addressed and then modified according to the true teachings of the Quran.Treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers.(Ismail 83).

Learing Doesnt Ocurin Classroom Essay

It has been said not all learning takes place in classroom. Compare and demarcation knowledge gained from personal experience with knowledge gained from classroom instruction. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?Learning takes place not only in the classroom but also in our everyday lives. This is because to learn does not mean just to gain academic knowledge. Rather, learning refers to acquisition of any benign of knowledge that endure give us instructions on how we should behave. Information that we get in the classroom is, without any doubt, useful and proven and it can expand our mind. However, school years are relatively short in terms of a life span, and, therefore, there are a lot more things that can be attained outside classroom and that are equally or even more valuable.First of all, Personal experience is essential for obtaining indelible knowledge. For instance, in an early age of our lives we were thought how to speak, to say please and thank you, thi ngs that never depart from us. This is knowledge that was learned from where our learning experience derived from, home, where our basic knowledge begins.Second, the kind among the people as well as friendship values is not taught by teachers in the classroom. Those relationships have known only by personal experience. Further, the boyish age people are not aware of love, these things you have to find out for yourself you cant learn them from approximatelybody else.Finally, some of the new engineering science and new things were discovered by personal experience and not classroom knowledge. For instance, todays popular phone was discovered by Alexander graham flour bell. It was discovered accidentally.Learning in the classroom although it has many benefits, all knowledge is not obtained from class because subjects are only taught by a teacher. But some lessons, which are pertaining to life, only will demonstrate by personal experiences. Every person should be learning more from real life than class room. I think real life is the best example for learning and obtaining knowledge. Once knowledge is gained by personal experience it is never loss.

Critical Review of Dementia Service User’s Experience of Care

Title A 3000 words essay critically reviewing a service users journey by their experience of care In this essay I will critically evaluate a resident by the name of Tom Journey with dementia. He suffers from Alzheimers dementia and lives in sheltered trapping. I will explore issues surrounding fill outstible intake, wandering, communication, incontinence and the environment that affect the client, family and staff. I will consequently looking at the assessment process, care proposalning, implementing and evaluation.I will explore patient safety, intervention and the processes that managers and professionals rush to undertake when managing respective(prenominal)s with dementia. These interventions and approaches adopted are vital when planning someone centred care. In addition, due to the policy of confidentiality I would not mention the name of the organisation and souls involved. The essay will end with a conclusion and a summary. According to Mathers and Leanardi (2000 ), frenzy is a syndrome caused by a range of illnesses and currently legion(predicate) are incur satisfactory, and cause progressive, irreversible principal damage.They include Alzheimers di sease (the close common cause), vascular disease, frontal lobe dementia and Lewy Body disease. Symptoms of dementia stop include memory loss, difficulties with language, judgement, insight and failure to recognise mess, disorientation, mood changes, hallucinations, delusions, and the gradual loss of ability to relieve oneself along all tasks of daily living,( Mathers and Leanardi, 2000). Mace and Rabin (1999) highlighted that, the word dementia originated from two Latin words which mean away and mind. This can indicate a loss of memory inability to function effectively, which can result in mental confusion. yap is a seventy year old man with dementia. He lives in sheltered housing. He has four children two sons and two daughters. He was moved from his home into sheltered accommodation af ter the death of his wife Mary. His reason deteriorated precise rapidly and he indispensable extra support to live at home safely. The family was unable to adequately provide for red cents needs, so they decided to re-house him. The family brought horseshit with them to view the flat before he was moved in. This allowed Jack the opportunity to meet the staff and get familiar with the sassy environment. He was brought in by is son and daughter, but his son stayed with him in the guest room for a few days to get him settled and line up comfortable. Jack was showing early signs of dementia as his communication was not clear at measure and often his speech was muddled. Furthermore, his memory was ugly at start-off as he kept asking for his wife repeatedly for examples, where am I, whose house is this, and why am I here. Also his nutrition was an issue as he was not feeding his meals and often said he was not hungry or he would eat later. He would sometimes say take it away a nd feed the pigeon.Food would turn up in various defines want bins, in drawers and even in his bed. Mace and Rabins (1999) mentioned that eating alone can contribute to or worsen their confusion. Incontinence was also a big concern for staff as he was constantly loaded and soiled with faeces. He would choose places not suitable to use for washbasining, re pitiable his protective clothing. He was also hiding dirty soiled clothes in strange places. Moreover, getting his personal care make was a big task as he was not cooperative. Beatie et al, (2005) stated that community with dementia do not populate that they are not being cooperative with certain basic tasks.This could be related to my client as I observed these issues on umteen occasions. All these antecedents have been highlighted by (Kitwood, 1997). With regard to incontinence, Parker (2000) supported that because of the dying of the brain cells, a person like Jack will not be able to independently identify the message the brain is conveying about the bowel. This problem was identified with Jack. Jack, as supported by Parker (2000) should be encouraged to use the toilet before and after consuming meals and drinks and should also have a regular pad change.Parker 2000 also cited that when any person in a state like that of Jack is constipated or having sluggish bowel movement, they should be offered medication like suppo mouldories and if this does not impart they should be supported by observation. When transactions with Jack who does not have mental capacity it is important to observe his actions. When he is in need of toileting he can exhibit the following actions which are non communicative such as pulling down or removing pants, or opening his fly. These actions are likely to suggest that he wants to use the toilet.Mace and Rabins (1999) argued that it can be very difficult for practitioners to achieve appropriate assessments when they are dealing with persons who are living in an independ ent setting. My assessment highlighted many problems such as personal care, poor memory, poor nutrition intake, urinary incontinence, poor communication and wandering about all the time. However, this was more pronounced in the evenings. Morris and Morris (2010), Kitwood, (1997) and Algage (2006), have highlighted this problem to be sunset syndrome.According to Leblance (2011) he described this as onset of confusion that occurs in late afternoon and night time. Algage (2006) march on stated that wandering is a way of communication in a non verbal form by using action to correspond with others. Moreover Beatie et al, (2005) argued that patients with dementia may not be able to pick up signs. For example factors like the environment may cause them to be distressed and energy put them at risk, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Some residents like Jack may have limited communication ability to verbalise what they want to do, so they just show action as a way of communicating.For example, t he sign posts, symbols and photographic pictures might not appeal to them because of their limited ability to focus on details, (Hodgkinson et al, 2007). Beatie et al, (2005) and Fox and Wilson (2007) have highlighted that living in a sheltered housing environment can be a lonely experience for many patients and this can make them feel isolated. More so, Beatie et al, (2005) mentioned that these factors might cause a patient to wander because if they feel lonely and anxious for a long period of time. They might want to find something to engage in.A person with dementia might find it difficult to sit down. For example in my observations I feel that Jack was living in a community where he had friends and family to well-disposedise with and moving to a new place was somehow upsetting for him. Likewise changes might have caused Jacks more loss of memory and this could be another reason why he failed to adjust to his new surrounding as cited in Mace and Rabins (1999). Moreover, in this sheltered housing there are no facilities like shops and recreational facilities as it is in a secluded area.Knockers (2000) mentioned about daily living activities that could have been useful to a patient with dementia like Jack. In my opinion, this would have disposed(p) Jack the opportunity to engage with other residents. This would have been a great way of socialising, chatting, enjoyment and given him a purpose in life and most of all engaging his time and stop him from wondering so frequently. According to Cheston and Bender (1999) and Innes et al, (2000) the DCM (Dementia upkeep Mapping) is a precise framework that is important to assess patients with dementia.The DCM (Dementia Care Mapping) is an observational tool which is used in a professional setting. This tool could have been useful to Jack if he was living in suitable housing that meets his needs (Kitwood 1997, Shels 2007 and Fox and Wilson, 2000), Mace and Rabins (1999) mention that MME (Mini Mental Examination) als o known as the mini mental is one of the tools that are used to screen an individuals mental ability at the onset of dementia. This tool is also known as the performance tool that allows five minutes to perform a set of precise tasks.This entails a maximum s event of thirty answers to questions given. Some of the questions are, do you know what day it is, date, month and the time, do you know what country you live, and the town. can you spell the word world backwards, can you write a sentence. Likewise, In Jacks case he was assessed using this tool to get a precise answer to see what he can independently do for himself. In addition, Fox and Wilson (2007) argued that the assessment processes should be compiled into a feedback statement. This discipline should be given at the beginning and end of the assessment.Chester and Bender (2000) mentioned that feedback should be given in both oral and written statement. This is required for the patient and their family to adjust and come to terms with their illness, and deal with their emotions. According to Carmody and Forester (2003) the main areas of care planning are assessment, planning, evaluation, execution of instrument and evaluation. Care plans are legal documents which should be reviewed on a regular basis for accuracy. Jacks care plan contains some important information such as his name, date of birth, address and all information recorded was signed and dated.Likewise, May et al (2003) mentioned that a care plan should be compiled and put together the persons needs and deeds. Jacks care plan was fully supported and some of the information included was his life history, lifestyle, health, personality, and preferences, cede and future wishes. Jacks capacity, cognitive ability and the stages he was at present were documented. Jacks care plan contains three columns. The left column was to record Jacks needs, the middle column gives precise information for cares to watch with, whilst the right column is to r ecord information, sign, date and reviews (May et al, 2003).May et al, (2003) proposed that the enriched care planning was developed from the enriched model of dementia by (Kitwood, 1997). Jack care plan consists of five core areas which are reviewing, profiling, implementation, identifying needs and documenting needs. Jack care plan was fully supported by the carers. In Jacks case his care plan was reviewed with the social worker, general practitioner, occupational therapist, dietician, warden, care manager and family and myself who is his key worker. This set out clear instructions for staff on how to personalise care for Jack.This includes, monitoring and assessing changes in his toileting, nutritional intake, communication, health and wandering. Four main calls were put in place for his main meals and regular checks to stop him from feeling lonely. Jack care plan was reviewed and implementation of safety devices was put in action to keep Jack safe. This involves the implementing of sensory aids and equipment that will help to keep him safe at all times and especially during the nights. This included a bed sensor and entry activator that goes off when he gets out of bed and when he leaves his flat.This equipment was most useful during the nights. Reflective release was also put into place. It would come on at a certain time in the evening. The door bell flashing light let him know when someone was entering his flat. Picture coding colour was put on his fridge door and bedroom door to remind him where to go and what to do. Jacks family were in complete denial about his condition and they would often get very upset with him. They thought that their dad was essay to get back at them for moving him. One daughter was constantly fussing over him and telling him off.This made it quite difficult for staff and management to get the assessment process started. The other barrier was the staff members that were not able to support Jacks family appropriately, as the y were not trained adequately in dementia care. Jacks condition deteriorated rapidly and staff was finding it quite difficult to cope with his demanding and stressful behaviour. Jack was given tablets to keep him calm, however, this medication in my observation was too noticeable for him and often he would sleep for long periods of time.Staff would have to wake him up for meals and before he finished his meals he would be fast asleep. In work places which are independent based, these facilities are not designed to accommodate people with certain forms of dementia and for this reason it took a longer time for Jacks needs to be reassessed. Jacks needs were finally met and then he was admitted to a dementia unit where he was housed, (Carmody and Foster, 2003, Jacques and Jackson, 2000). These factors can become a barrier for professional when implementing care for people living with dementia, (Jacques and Jackson, 2000).In Jacks case he could have benefitted from the evaluation tool t o stimulate communication between staff and himself. This would have prompted his alertness and encouraged communication at meal times as observed by Shiels (2007). With reference to evaluation this process is necessary to get a direct result of Jacks illness. This will establish how far his condition has deteriorated and the extent of his impairment and functioning. Moreover, this will identify other health problems, so that the necessary treatment and planning can be put in place to address his needs, (Mace and Rabin 1999).Jack had to undertake this evaluation and many tests such as CBC (Complete blood count) which includes a blood chemistry test, checking the liver and kidney for signs of diabetes, vitamin B12 and thyroid level . The VDRL check for syphilis and LP (lumbar puncture) investigates the central nervous system. EEC (electroencephagram) measures the brain activities. CT scans, MRI scans, PET scans, SPECT scans which are all important tests can identify the presence of a stroke. Jack was also given a neuropsychological test or the cortical test where they test his memory for writing and reasoning ability, and coordination (Mace and Rabin 1999).A psychiatric and psychosocial evaluation was also conducted by way of interviews with Jacks family and his friend. This was vital to planning and development of care and this was also supported by a family evaluation to assess and to address their emotional, financial and physical needs, (Carmody and Forster 2003). Jacks condition has deteriorated even further and he has started leaving the exposit through the back door. There is sensory equipment which is now in place in club to monitor his movements.Jack sometimes presses the button and it raises an alarm with the central control office. The control room staff will then contact the staff on obligation to go and attend to Jack and see whether there is anything he needs. In most cases when the staff gets there, Jack will be trying to leave the premises no t properly dressed. Examples being dressed in his pyjamas and bed room slippers, wearing a vest without his shirt or wearing his trouser inside(a) out. When the staff try to get Jack to return to his flat he becomes very aggressive, shouting and hitting the staff and refusing to go back.The police on many occasions are called to search for him. AGASE (2006) indicated that wandering is associated with risk factors of getting lost and falls. As highlighted by Hodgkinson et al ( 2007) gridlines placed on front door exits, door handles, panic button bars might be an effective way to addresses Jacks wandering and reduce the risk of escaping. Carmody and Forster (2003) suggest that a person like Jack can benefit from ADL (Activities of Daily Living) as this will help test his functioning abilities and performance.With regards to communication and Jacks outburst Phillips and Penhale (1996) argued that some people with dementia like Jack might have poor memory, limited communication abilit y with others. Jack is unaware of his aggression towards staff. This is not done intentionally as his brain cells are dying. Jack is unaware that he is causing harm to any one as he is simply trying to communicate. Jack will be trying to say why are these people stopping or preventing me from going to see my friends. In my observation Jack was finding it difficult to say the right word, as he was not able to understand what is being said to him.Carmody and Forster (2003) Fox and Wilson (2000) highlighted that the person who is undertaking a communication assessment needs to be a good listener and a competently trained professional. This person needs to have experiences of in dealing with different cases of dementia and know the differences between the different types. Fox and Wilson (2000) mentioned that a person with counselling skills might be able to address the needs of a person with dementia more efficiently. In my opinion, these skills are important when working with customers with dementia.In Jacks case this would have been more beneficial if staff dealing with him had appropriate counselling skills. They would have been in a position to understand how to communicate with Jack as to achieve effective results. In the long work out Jack was finding it more difficult to cope with every day activities. He had suffered a relapse and his condition deteriorated very rapidly and he needed more specialist care. He was not coping well and his health and safety was at risk. Jack needs were reassessed and he was no longer open(a) to live independently any more.Management and social worker were in the process of getting him relocated when he suffered a fall. He was taken to hospital and then he was moved into a residential home that cares for people with dementia. In conclusion, the government acknowledges dementia as a growing problem and has put strategies in place to care for people with dementia. To address Jacks needs appropriately his care should be person c entred. Jack was moved to a new home and this might have contributed to his wandering. His new setting was secluded and he had no friends to communicate or socialise with.This factor could have led to further confusion and made him feel lonely and even depressed. Although Jack was fully supported by the planning, assessment, implementing and evaluation process, his needs were slow to be addressed by the family and this posed as a barrier to Jack getting the care he required. However, the assessment procedure and progress for independent living have to be organised by many professionals. It appears in Jacks case it was not recognised and dealt with appropriately at times. For example, the process to get a person assessed for dementia in independent housing took a long time.There were other issues and barriers that Jack faced on his journey, even though the government had put these strategies in place to address the needs of people with dementia. In order to address Jacks needs and th at of other people with dementia the professionals need to hold a person centred approach. Staff needs to be competently trained in dementia care so that they can support family and friends when a person is diagnosed with dementia. Reference Algase,D. L. (2006) Whats new about wandering? An assessment of recent studies 226 -234 Available at www. reo. beds. ac. uk. (Accessed 3/10/ 2011). Beatie,E. R. A. Song, J. And LaGore, S. (2005) A comparison of wandering behaviour in nursing homes and assisted living facilities, Research and theory for nursing practice Vol 19 No. 2. 181-196 Available at www. breo. beds. ac. uk. (Accessed 3/10/2011). Carmody, S. Forster, S. (2003) Nursing older people a guide to practice in care home. Oxion Radcliff Publishing. Cheston. R. Bender, M. (1999) Understanding dementia the man with the worried eyes, London. Jessica Kingsley. Fox, M. And Wilson, L. 2000) The centred advocacy for people with dementia, The journal of dementia care Vol 15 No 2. Jacques, A . And Jackson, G. (2000) Understanding dementia, 3rd edn, London, Churchhill Livingston. Hodgkinson, B. Koch, S. Nay R. And Lewis, M. (2007) Managing the wandering behaviour of people in a aged care facility 407-436 Available at www. breo. beds. ac. uk. (Accessed 3/10/2011). Inness, A. Capstick, A. And Surr, C. (2000)Mapping out framework, The Journal of dementiacare, Vol. 15 Kitwood, T (1997) Dementia reconsidered The person comes first, Buckingham.Open University Press. Knockers, S. (2007) Capturing the magic of everyday activities, The journal of dementia care. Vol 15 No2 Leblanc, G. J. (2011) staying afloat in a sea of forgetfulness common sense care giving, Bloomington Xlibris. Parker, T. (2000) Incontinence of faeces the final frontier? Journal of dementiacare V0L. 8 No2 Phillips, J. and Penhale, B. (1996) Reviewing Care Management for Older People, London. Jessica Kingsley Publishers May, H. Edwards, P. And Brooker , D. (2009) Enriched care planning for people with dementia , London. Jessica Kingsley

Quality and Quantitative Approach in Engineering

The objective of this paper is to propose a study and discussion on the rehearse of numerical and soft liftes in applied science research methods and design. In this introduction it is to provide a thorough presentation on the aspects of qualitative and quantitative mountes for deviseing research. As such, the scope of this paper covers a broad range of topics and it is important that the place to perform successful experiments, and it is as important that to understand and be able to estimate the verity of the plan investigations through these approaches.In the erstwhile(prenominal) research approaches in engineering have accumulated to a point at which the engineers and investigators have umpteen selections. For those designing an engineering research proposal, it is recommended that a general framework be maintained to accommodate advice close to all facets of the study, from assessing the general theoretical ideas behind the investigation to the expand selective in formation hookup and screen out processs. apply an extant framework also allows engineering researchers to lodge their plans in design ideas hearty grounded in the lit and recognized by auditory senses that read and support the proposals for engineering research.The focuses in this paper be on the use of quantitative and qualitative approach and the comparisons and contrasts in the characteristics as well as the significances of these approaches within the field of engineering design research. 2. Background This section suggests the background and the framework of quantitative as well as the qualitative approaches for engineering research. The theoretical assumptions about what constitute the recogniseledge claims the general procedures of research are the strategies of investigation and detailed procedures of data collection epitome are called methods. . 1 Outline of Quantitative flak to Engineering inquiry A quantitative approach in engineering is defined as one in which the engineer mainly employ postpositivist claims for exploitation knowledge. The knowledge are called cause and effect thinking, reduction to specific variables and dead reckoning and questions, use of measurement and observation, and the test of theories. Quantitative approach employs strategies of analysis such as experiments and opinions, and collects teaching on predetermined instruments that yield statistical information.In this scenario the engineer tests a theory by specifying narrow hypotheses and the collection of experiment data to support or refute the hypotheses. An existential engineering design is applied in which attitudes are assessed both and after an experimental treatment. The data are collected on an instrument that measures attitudes, and the information collected is analyse using statistical execution and hypothesis testing.2. 2 Outline of soft Approach to Engineering Research. A qualitative approach in engineering research is one in which the engineer ma kes knowledge claims based primarily on constructivist perspectives and that is, the multiple meanings of individual experiences, meanings evidently and historically constructed, with intent of developing a theory or pattern, and that is issue-oriented or collaborative. It also uses strategies of investigation such as narratives, phenomenologies, ethnographies, grounded theory studies, and show window studies. The engineer collects open-ended, emerging data with the elementary intent of developing ideas and design from the data.In this situation the engineers test to establish the meaning of a phenomenon from the opinions of participants. This means identifying a culture-sharing group and studying how it developed divided up patterns of appearance over time (i. e ethnography). One of the key elements of collecting data is to observe participants behaviours by fighting(a) in their activities. For this research approach, the engineer seeks to examine an issue related to oppressio n of individuals. To study this, the approach is interpreted of collecting stories of individual oppression using a narrative approach.Individuals are interviewed at some space to determine how they have privately experienced feedback. 3. Comments and discussion Different form of investigations must be performed on all experimental data. The examination may be a simple verbal appraisal of test results or a complex theoretical analysis of errors involved in the experiment and matching of the data with fundamental principles. The discussion considers the analysis of data to determine errors, precision, and general validity of experimental measurements. The experimentalist should always know the validity of data.In order to specify the performance of an amplifier, an electrical engineer must know the truth with which the appropriate measurements of voltage and distortion have been conducted. A nuclear engineer must know the accuracy and precision of galore(postnominal) a(prenomina l) instruments to make radioactivity measurement with confidence. In the quantitative approach like experiential analysis, design engineers have drawn on their own experience of designing to give explanation of aspects of design. chassis researchers are also concerned about the lack of acceptance of their ideas by practicing engineering designers.By involving in the engineering research, it is more likely that the outcome of the research go forth be taken up because of the shared ownership of the knowledge produced by quantitative approach. On the other hand, in the qualitative approach, historical analysis is the discovery from past records a description of explanation for invention in the past. Scientists divide data into primary and secondary sources. Primary source include eyewitness and contemporary records such as instruction manuals and the personal notes.Secondary sources are summaries and reports of invention by other scientist or engineers. The role of historical analysi s in qualitative approach is to provide theoretical base for the current research. Development in design repayable to the introduction of new technology can be compared to the development in the past. During the last decade, the strategies of investigation committed with quantitative approach were those that invoked the post-positivist perspectives. These include true experiments and less rigorous experiments.More recently, quantitative strategies involved experiments with many variables and treatments such as factorial and measure designs. They also included elaborate structural equation models that combine paths and the identification of the collective strength of multiple variables. The two critical strategies of investigation in the quantitative approach are test experiments and surveys. Experiments include authenticated test experiments, with random assignment of subjects to treatment conditions, as well as quasi-experiments that use non-randomized design.Survey includes usin g questionnaires and structured interviews for data collection to gather the feedback from the past records. In the qualitative approach, the experiment results those are usually rich and detailed, offering many ideas and concepts to inform consumers your new invention. Qualitative approach can display how the product user feel and think, but cannot tell how many of the audience feel and think that way. Qualitative approaches in research results are considered thought of as themes they should not be reported as percentages, subjected to statistical analysis or projected to a wider population.The main reason is because the participants do not make up a randomly selected representative sample and not all participants are asked exactly the same. This approach offers flexibility as far as timing is concerned and exhibits an important scrap for engineering design. 4. Conclusion The following points can be considered and taking note when using the quantitative and qualitative approaches for engineering research 1. Examine the data for consistency. No matter how hard an engineer tries, there provide always be some data points that appear to be grossly in error.For instance, if adding heat to a container of water, the temperature must rise, and so if a particular data point indicates a drop in temperature for a heat input , that point might be eliminated. The data should follow common sense consistency. If many data points in the experiment fall in the zone of inconsistent. The entire experimental procedure should be investigated for gross mistakes and miscalculation. 2. Perform a statistical analysis of data. A statistical analysis is notwithstanding necessary when measurements are tested several times.If this is the case, make estimates of such parameters as stand deviation or etc. 3. Estimate the uncertainties in the test results. The engineering researcher should bear in mind the work of different variables by the time the final results are collected. 4. Antic ipate the test results based on theory. antecedent to obtaining correlations of the experimental data, the researcher should review the theory affiliated with the subject and glean relevant information that will indicate the trends the results may take.Critical dimensionless groups, pertinent functional relations, and other information may lead to a fruitful interpretation of data. 5. Correlate the data. The investigator should make sense of the data in terms of personal theories and on the basis of previous experimental work in the engineering field. The test results should be analyzed to display how conform to or differ from previous investigations or standard that may be employed for same measurements. In quantitative approach, the experiments are number-based whereas the qualitative approaches are text-based.Statistical test are employ for investigation in quantitative method and more in-depth information on case study of a qualitative method for research in engineering. The main aim in the use of quantitative approach provides observed effects that are interpreted by engineers of a test program on a problem or condition whereas the main function of qualitative approach is more subjective and that is, settlement a problem or condition from the point of view of the past experience.In conclusion, both quantitative and qualitative approaches are valid and reliable. However, the use of quantitative approach accounted largely for the measurement device and engineering instrument employed. This offers heavier time ingestion on the planning and lighter on the analysis phase. The use of qualitative approach depended largely on the skill and rigor of an engineer, and that allows the engineer a lighter time expenditure on planning end but a heavier during the investigation stage.

Agri Sba: Cabbage Production Essay

gip evolves best in cool prevail, just certain cultivars ar alike adapted for the warmer months. In the cooler areas of the country, where frost usu entirelyy occurs azoic or late in the season, Glory of Enkhuizen, Kiaps Spits, Green Cor sensationt and Gloria tooshie be localise from January to March, and Green jumper lead and Bonanza, from August to January. In the warmer areas of the country, where little to no frost occurs, Glory of Enkhuizen, Kiaps Spits, Green Coronet and Gloria can be im beed from March to May, and Green Star and Bonanza, from January to December. gazump grows best when foundlets are grown and then im lay show up. You can grow your own typesets or buy them from a nursery. cogitate that vellicate plantlets cannot be lay out before the age of five to six weeks.If you want to plant out at the blood line of February, for instance, you mustiness already sow the microbe in the middle of December. Cabbage will grow considerably on most well d rained priming coat types. That means that water must not rest on the ground surface besides long later the plants collapse been watered. Where this is the case, convert must be dug into the soil. Shallow soils on a hard rocky, clayey or lime layer, must be withered. Cabbage takes up m whatever plant nutrients from the soil. We put plant nutrients into the soil by digging convert and fertiliser into it. A great deal of extreme plant food such as compost and manure is necessary for the plant.When the bed is dug over, 4 kg of compost or manure per forthrightly meter (m2) of ground can be dug into the soil. By the way, 1 m2 equals the size of a forthrightly meter, the sides of which consist of spades. Compost and manure do not, only when, provide the cabbage plant with enough plant nutrients. It too requires nitrogen (N), the Tempter (P) and potassium (K). It is most important first to analyses the soil to determine its nutrient content. Remember an excessive amount of nutrients will burn the plants and a besides small amount will case in poor gain. If a soil analysis has not yet been done, the following quantities of fertiliser may be applied At planting 75 g of 232 (30) per m2.These plant nutrients are a mixture of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. This means that three plant nutrients are slide byn to the plant simultaneously. These nutrients must be dug into the soil well, before planting. Four weeks after planting25 g of ammonium sulphate per m2, or20 g of limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) per m2.As soon as the plants begin to form targets, the following can be applied 25 g of ammonium sulphate per m2, or 20 g of limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN) per m2.Take care not to let the plant nutrients touch the plants as this can burn the stems. Water the plants as soon as possible after having fertilized them, so that the nutrients can dissolve and be washed into the soil. Before the plantlets are planted, the soil must be dug over, clods, st ones and low-downs must be removed, and the soil must be leveled. The cabbage plantlets are planted in rows. In-row spacing must be approximately 40 cm and between-row spacing must be 60 cm. The soil in which the plants were grown must be moist when the plants are taken out to be replanted. They must be lifted carefully out of the ground so that the roots are not damaged. Choose short, sturdy, healthy plants to plant out. After they have been taken out, they must be cover with a moist cloth or hessian until they are planted.They must preferably be planted on cool, cloudy eld or late in the afternoon. The plantlets must be planted in moist soil which is then firmly pressed down around the plant. After the plantlets have been planted, they must be watered as soon as possible. A cover of grass clippings, dry leaves or straw between the plants prevents evaporation of soil moisture and withal suppresses weed emergence. If the soil is allowed to live on too dry, and it is then wat ered, it may happen that the cabbage passing games burst open. In cool weather, cabbage can be watered once a week in very hot weather, ii to three multiplication a week. Cabbage can be harvested as soon as well-developed hard heads have formed. in that respect are at least four kinds of insects that damage cabbages during the growing season. They are* the American bollworm,* aphids,* the diamondback moth, and* The barged bug.The American bollworm and the diamondback moth eat holes in the cabbage leaves. Aphids suck out the sap of the plant and the leaves turn yellowish and become misshapen. The barged bug also eats the leaves and causes great damage.Land preparationPrior to planting, the soil postulate to be prepared, usually by some form of cultivated land or chemical substance burn-down to vote down the weeds in the seedbed that would crowd out the clip or compete with it for water and nutrients. Tillage methods can be divided into three major categories, depending on the amount of crop symmetricalness they leave on the surface. sleep slows the flow of run off that can displace and carry away soil particles. * Conventional tillage Until the last decade or so the standard tillage practice for corn was use of the mouldboard plow for primary tillage followed by several secondary tillages and mechanical finale after the crop was up. * Reduced tillage is usually done with a chisel plow and leaves 15% to 30% resi collect coverage on the soil. * Conservation tillage leaves at least 30% residue coverage on the soil. Conservation tillage methods accept no-till, where no tillage is done at all and seeds are placed directly into the previous seasons crop residue strip-till, in which except the narrow strip of land needed for the crop row is tilled ridge till and mulch till.Soils Cabbage grows well on a wide variety of soils, provided a well-drained sandy loam with amply organic matter content is preferred. Avoid soils that dry rapidly. Herbicides are use in all these methods to kill weeds. A common myth is that more(prenominal) herbicide is utilise with conservation tillage methods, save in fact farmers rely on herbicides for weed control nether all tillage systems, and the amount used is more or slight in reliant of tillage method. Impacts of soil erosion Soil erosion has both on-farm impacts (reduction in yield and farm income) and off-farm impacts (contaminated water due to the sediment and associated contamination from nutrients and pesticides carried on the soil particle). On-farm impacts due to the loss of soil and nutrients implicate* lower fertility levels* development of rills and gullies in the field* poorer crop yields* less water infiltration into the soilWhen fertile topsoil is lost, nutrients and organic matter needed by crops oft are removed along with it. Erosion tends to remove the less dense soilconstituents such as organic matter, clays, and silts, which are often the most fertile part of the soil.Soil p reparationAll genus Brassica crops grow best in partial shade, in firm, fertile, free-draining soil. * Start digging over your soil in autumn, re abject any stones you find and working in plenty of well-rotted manure or compost. * Tread on the soil to remove any air pockets and feature the surface very firm. * Brassicas will fail if the soil is too acidic so add lime to the soil if necessary, aiming for a pH of 6.5-7.5.IrrigationDue to their large leafage area, cabbage requires at least a 25 cm (1 inch) of water per week to sustain unspoilt growth. Excessive watering late in the season can cause head-splitting. Uneven soil moisture can cause fluctuations in the uptake of nutrients and lead to tip burn or head-splitting. Soil should be kept at 60 to 70 percent field capacity to ensure good yields and head quality. The fact that cabbage is a cool season crop indicates that it responds favorably to lower temperatures with adequate amounts of rainfall. Cabbage also requires well-drai ned soil. Soil that is not well-drained should either have drainage tiles installed or have some organic matter added to it to improve soil aeration.SeedingDirect-seeded cabbage is usually planted in proto(prenominal) to mid-May. Direct-seeded cabbages are planted 5 to 8 cm (2 to 3 inches) away (1.1 kg/ha or 1 lbs. /ac) and vitiated later. The following are seeding rates for shifted cabbageEarly* in-row spacing 25 to 46 cm apart (10 to 18 inches) apart* between-row spacing 0.76 m (2.5 feet) apartMid-season* in-row spacing 30 to 46 cm (12 to 18 inches) apart* between-row spacing 0.7 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 feet) apart Late-season* in-row spacing 46 to 61 cm (18 to 24 inches) apart* between-row spacing 0.7 to 0.9 m (2 to 3 feet) apart Row spacing will be dependent on your tillage, planting and harvesting equipment. Many cabbage growers in Saskat chit-chatan use transplants to reduce seed costs, revive crop development, increase yields, overcome problems with cruciferous flea bee tles destroying emerging seedlings, eliminate costs associated with thinning the direct-seeded crop and avoid soil crusting problems in clay soils.In warm, dry springs flea beetle populations are high enough that flea beetles are already present on the crop as it emerges. Damage at emergence injures the growing tip, causing bolting, misshapen heads or death. Growers who transplant have the option of planting and then following behind with an insect powder p stretch to kill the flea beetles before any damage can occur. The same can and is done for direct-seeded cabbage, but the grower must be more vigilant and belt uply watch for seedling emergence. They can then make a pass with an insecticide. A seed row treatment, such as Di-Syston 15 G, can be applied during planting to control cruciferous flea beetles.Seed TreatmentSeed costs for cabbage have increased over the last 10 geezerhood, primarily because of the shift to hybrid types. Due to the seeds higher value, it is best to tre at it with a fungicide, such as Thiram 75WP, to prevent seedling blight, damping off and seed decay. angry water treatment of the seed is effective against alter aria, black rot and blackleg. This treatment can be specially done by your seed company, but must be done prior to seed coating.How to sow seedsNearly all brassicas should be planted in a seedbed or in modules under glass and then transferred. Seeds should be sown thinly, as this reduces the amount of future thinning necessary and electric potential risk from pests. * Sow seeds 1.25cm (1/2in) deep and rows should be spaced 15cm (6in) apart. * Once the seeds have germinated, thin the seedlings to 7.5cm (3in) between for for each one one plant. * Cabbage and broccoli seedlings are ready for transplanting when theyre between 6 and 8cm high (2.5-3in). capital of Belgium sprouts and kale should be 15cm (6in).Water the day before moving, and keep well watered until established. * Space the plants according to the instruction manual on the seed packet. It can vary from 30cm for small cabbages to 75cm for Brussels sprouts.Aftercare* Brassicas are locomoteed by a wide range of pests and diseases, especially the fungal disease, club root. The roots become stubby and swollen and can develop wet rot, while leaves become yellow and wilt, causing severe stunting of growth. Remove any infected plants from the ground and destroy. * Make sure the soil is adequately limed and well drained, and do not plant cabbages in the same place the following year. * Rotate your crops annually to avoid disease. Dont grow brassicas on the same plot more often than one year in three, as moving the crop helps avoid the buildup of soil pests and diseases. * Brassicas are a particular favorite of birds so use a deterrent to stop them picking off seedlings. CDs on string can be effective. Theyre also susceptible to contend by the caterpillars of the cabbage white butterfly. Try covering crops with a crop tax shelter mesh. It keep s the butterflies out, so they cant lay their eggs on the plants.Pest ProblemsDiseases* Club root (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is a soil borne disease that is more active in soils that are slightly acidic. Saskatchewans alkaline soils are a deterrent to this pest. Wart-like growths or knots form on the base of the plant, restricting water and nutrient uptake. take in measures implicate using clean transplants, maintaining soil pH above 7.3, disinfecting all tillage equipment, increasing days between cruciferous crops and keeping cruciferous weeds under control. The field can be fumigated however this is costly. * Blackleg (Phoma lingam) this fungal disease is active at low temperatures. Symptoms include seedling death, or bluish growth on the stems of older plants near the base.Upon germination, infected seedlings are covered by lesions that can be circularise to adjacent plants by rainfall or irrigation. Blackleg can be controlled with the hot water treatment (see Black rot). Eradicate cruciferous weeds and have at least a three-year crop whirling with other cruciferous crops. * Downy Mildew (Peronospora parasitica) is a fungus that over-winters in perennial plants and infected plant debris. Symptoms include a tan paper-like appearance that continues to develop into larger, sunken areas on the head. Control measures include a three-year crop rotation with non-cruciferous crops and preventative applications of Bravo 500, Clean Crop Copper 53W or Zinc b 80W.Insects* cruciferous flea beetle (Phyllotreta cruciferae) is the most serious insect pest facing Saskatchewan cabbage earnrs. These small black beetles attack cabbages throughout the growing season. They are especially dangerous in the spring when seedlings are emerging. The large acreage of canola in Saskatchewan ensures that there will always be a sizeable population of flea beetles in the province. Flea beetles victuals on emerging cabbage crops cause seedling death, uneven growth and maturity . Flea beetles have one generation per year, but the adults appear twice, once early in the spring and again later in the fall. * Control measures include crop rotations of more than three years with non-cruciferous crops, eliminating cruciferous weeds and not planting near palm that have cruciferous crops. Flea beetles can be controlled chemically by using foliar applied Ambush, Di-Syston, Endosulfan, Matador, Pounce, Ripcord, Sevin, Thiodan or Thionex.Cabbage maggot larva* Cabbage Maggot- (Delia radicum) is an underground pest that feeds on the roots of the host plants. The survival rate of the eggs is highest when the weather is cool and moist, much like spring conditions. Cabbage maggots can severely stunt growth or kill seedlings, and can lower quality and reduce yields of more mature plants. The maggot is the larval stage of the cabbage maggot fly, which looks much like a common housefly. The lifecycle has two generations per season. Control measures include a crop rotation o f three or more years away from cruciferous crops and eradication of cruciferous weeds. The main chemical control for cabbage maggots is an insecticide drench placed near the seed at planting. Control products include foliar applied Lorsban, Pyrinex, or Sniper.Imported Cabbage worm larvae* Imported Cabbage Worm and Cabbage inchworm (Pieris rapae) and (Tricoplusia Ni) are also referred to as the cabbage butterfly. Imported cabbage worm larvae, which are light kilobyte in the larval stage, are incredibly destructive. They chew large holes in the leaves and head of cabbages. Their waste products also contaminate the head. Control measures include a crop rotation of three or more years away from cruciferous crops and eradication of cruciferous weeds. The main chemical control is repeated foliar applications of the one of the following products Ambush, Cymbush, Decis, Diazinon, Dibrom, Dylox, Endosulfan, Guthion, Lannate, Malathion, Matador, Methoxychlor, Monitor, Orthene, Pounce, Ripc ord, Sevin, Sniper, Thiodan, or Thionex. Dipel, (Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Kurstaki) is a biological insecticide that also controls cabbage worms.* Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) does not over-winter in Canada but rather the adult moths fly or blow up each year from the United States. Larvae chew irregular patterns into the lower leaves. The larvae may also tunnel into the head of the cabbage, hurting its market potential. Control measures include monitoring the crop for arrival of adults and eradicating any cruciferous plants, including weeds and the refuse left over from early harvests of cruciferous crops. Chemical controls include the following products Ambush, Cymbush, Decis, Diazinon, Dibrom, Dipel, Dylox, Endosulfan, Guthion, Lannate, Matador, Monitor, Orthene, Pounce, Ripcord, Sevin, Sniper, Thiodan, or Thionex pottysCompetition from weeds early in the season will slow both emergence and early growth. Weeds can be controlled with change tillage to destroy any we ed seedlings. Weeds can be controlled chemically with Devrinol, Venture, Poast and Treflan. Check pock recommendations for application rates, timing and weeds controlled.Tip burn on a Chinese cabbage headOther Problems* Head splitting is caused by excessively rapid growth. This problem can be managed by ensuring there is adequate organic matter to hold soil moisture, providing consistent even watering, avoiding over-fertilizing with nitrogen, and spacing close and evenly to discourage excess and rapid root growth. Heads that are cracked should be culled, as they become an entry point for secondary infections such as soft rot. * Tipburn is caused by inadequate amounts of calcium in the youngest region of the plant. Usually, this is due to rapid growth. Tipburn occurs when the translocation of calcium to the growing tip is slowed. There are no sign outer symptoms on the cabbage head, but the inner leaves turn brown. Tipburn can only be controlled by discouraging rapid growth (see head splitting). Adding calcium to the soil does not fix this problem. Tipburn is very cultivar specific.WeedingWeed control is the botanical component of pest control, using physical and chemical methods to stop weeds from reaching a mature stage of growth when they could be harmful to domesticated plants and livestock. In order to reduce weed growth, many weed control strategies have been developed in order to contain the growth and spread of weeds. The most basic is ploughing which cuts the roots of annual weeds. Today, chemical weed killers known as herbicides are widely used.Effects on other plantsWeeds can compete with productive crops or pasture, or convert productive land into unusable scrub. Weeds are also often poisonous, distasteful, produce burrs, thorns or other damaging body parts or otherwise interfere with the use and attention of desirable plants by contaminating harvests or excluding livestock. Weeds tend to thrive at the expense of the more refined edible or orna mental crops. They provide competition for space, nutrients, water and light, although how seriously they will affect a crop depends on a number of factors. Some crops have greater resistance than others- smaller, gradual growing seedlings are more likely to be overwhelmed than those that are larger and more vigorous.Onions are one of the crops most susceptible to competition, for they are slow to germinate and produce slender, upright stems. Quick growing, broad riff weeds therefore have a distinct advantage, and if not removed, the crop is likely to be lost. all-inclusive beans however produce large seedlings, and will suffer far less profound effects of weed competition other than during periods of water shortage at the crucial time when the pods are filling out. Transplanted crops embossed in sterile seed or potting compost will have a head spring over germinating weed seeds. Methods Stale seed bed technique, Use of herbicides, Organic methods, Thermal methods.DIGGING OF HO LES displaceIndividual containers with more than one seedling must be thinned to one plant. Pinch out or cut off the extra seedlings while the first leaves are still small. Seedlings germinated in trays must be transplanted to individual containers while still small. Lift and separate seedlings and replant them into individual containers such as peat pots, pliable kalpaks (saved from previously purchased transplants be sure to wash them), peat pellets, or other small containers. Use a commercial message soilless potting mix or prepare your own. Be sure the plants harden off that is, gradually get used to unsheltered life outdoors. During their last week indoors, withhold fertilizer and water less often.7 to 10 days before transplanting, set the seedlings outdoors in dappled shade that is protected from winds for a few hours each day, gradually increasing their exposure to full sun and windy conditions. Keep the soil moist at all times during the hardening-off period. Dry air and s pring breezes can result in rapid transpiration. If possible, transplant on overcast days or in the early morning. Set transplants into loose, well-aerated soil that will hoodwink and retain moisture, drain well, and allow easy penetration by seedling roots. See when soil is ready for planting. hook the soil around new seedlings immediately after transplanting. Spread mulch to reduce soil-moisture loss.To ensure that phosphoruswhich promotes strong root developmentis available in the root zone of new transplants, mix two tablespoons of a 15-30-15 starter fertilizer into a gallon of water (one tablespoon for vining crops such as melons and cucumbers), and give each seedling a cup of the solution after transplanting. Anything that raises soil temperature will help plants adjust to the impingement of cold ground. Try raised planting beds and plastic mulch to boost soil temperature.