Describe and evaluate one social psychological theory of aggression? Essay

Deindividualisation is when someone loses their sense of identity and engages themselves in immoral things. The theory of deindividualisation suggests that when an individual is involved in a crowd they act like the crowd i.e. such as football hooligans. Just as the saying goes you are what you wear or eat can be applied here i.e. you are upon what your crowd or peers are upon.  Le Bon proposed that there were a number of factors that lead an individual to become psychologically transformed in a crowd. One being remaining anonymous in the crowd i.e. when you’re around a lot of people you are unlikely to be spotted. Zimbardo however argued with Le Bon saying that deindividualisation is a result of reduced responsibility, increased arousal, sensory overload and altered consciousness. Research study into deindivialistion – Zimbardo prison experiment  Aim:  To investigate whether situational or dispositional factors are what make us aggressive.  Procedure: 24 emotionally stable men were recruited There were 2 groups one was guards and the other one was prisoners.  Ã‚  Zimbardo changed the identity of prisoners by giving them numbers, and being referred to by numbers.  Zimbardo also changed the identity of guards by making them wear military clothes. They carried whistles, handcuffs etc†¦ Findings:  Ã‚  Even though the environment was artificial guards and prisoners still obeyed and reacted brutal.  Situational rather than dispositional because they were normal caring men.  AO2 – Evaluation of Zimbardo et al study  Ã‚  High ecological validity due to the fact that the environment and the behaviour were realistic. Even though the set up was artificial, the aggression or a loss of identity was rather bizarre even though all men knew it’s a fake set up.  Study showed high extremes of aggression and behaviour when identity is lost. Negative  Unethical because extreme harm either verbal or physical was afflicted.  Sample was unrepresantable because it only included men.  AO1  Research into Deindiviualistion – Diener et al – trick or treat experiment.  Aim:  to investigate whether children steal, when in groups or individually. Procedure:  Ã‚  27 women were asked to give 1000 sweets to children during Halloween night  Ã‚  Some of the children were on their own while others were in groups.  Ã‚  The women would open the door and pretend that a phone call came and instruct strictly for the children to only take one sweet each  Ã‚  A hidden observer saw whether they obeyed. Findings:  children were more likely to steal in a group when they are left anonymous.  AO2 – Evaluation of experiment  Positive  High ecological validity because experiment was done in a real environment and a large sample was used.  Negative  Only children were used, would adults do the same?  Study only showed stealing little minor stuff such as sweets, would it be same for instance in bank robbery?   

Industry Analysis Breadtalk

Industry Analysis Future outlook and trends For its outlook, BreadTalk planned for the China and regional market and rising food cost. This is the largest challenge for the Bakery business. BreadTalk is going to shorten the supply chain and buying in bulk globally for economies of scale. Shanghai is one of the example that BreadTalk have successfully piloted using frozen dough to arrest rising labour and rental costs while maintaining the quality of our products. This is to encourage that BreadTalk will explore the possibility of extending this initiative beyond Shanghai. The BreadTalk Transit model has also proven to be an efficient model for swift expansion and its potential we will be harnessed to expedite growth. For Market Trends, KFC, McDonald's, Long John Silver's and Pizza Hut were dominating most of the chains in the past in Singapore. However, trends have been changed for decades. Local Brands were replaced. BreadTalk controls 55% of Indonesia’s bakery market and it becomes giant franchises dominate the Southeast Asia region. (Fresin Fries,2012) Analysis of competitors BreadTalk operates in the highly competitive F&B industry which has close to no barriers to entry. Some of its competitors are established players in the bakery and confectionery industries and may have greater financial and marketing resources. The entry of new competitors into the same F&B segments or into the immediate areas around the group’s retail outlets may affect its earnings (CIMB Research Report,2009). Focusing on main competitors, the direct competitors of BreadTalk outlets are local names such as Four Leaves and My Bread (CIMB Research Report,2009). Market segmentation BreadTalk divides itself into three segments: bakery, food court and restaurant. The bakery segment is not only bakery products but it includes the business of manufacturing and retailing of all kinds of food also franchising. For the management and operation of food , drinks and drinks outlets are in the segment of food court. For operating food and drinks outlets, eating houses and restaurants are in restaurant segment (CorporateInformation. com, 2012). Industry forecasts According to CIMB Research Report in 2009, BreadTalk expected its revenue to grow at 10-15% over from the year 2009-2011. It is no longer part of the group after the disposal of its 70%-owned Twin Peak Venture Singapore Pte Ltd. BreadTalk expected profit growth to pick up to around 31% this year from the opening of new outlets in 2009 and lower raw material costs. Its net profit was forecasted CAGR of 29. 3% for 2009-2011. Description of Venture Products and Services BreadTalk ® Group Limited runs 7 sections of products and service. BreadTalk, the first section, keys as the bakery chain that has over 1,000 different types of bakery. While the Icing Room, second, sells a wide range of cakes, pastries and cookies and brings with it a unique proposition of allowing customers to decorate their own cakes. Third, Toast Box was developed in 2005 as the coffee shops in the 1960s and 70s generation. It serves traditional favorites such as peanut butter thick toast, mee siam, kaya toast and soft boiled eggs. Coffee and other hot beverages are also prepared in the traditional â€Å"pulled† style. Food Republic , fourth, offers a wide spread of local hawker and street food under one roof and in an air-conditioned environment. Fifth, Din Tai Fung Din is known for the healthy house specialties such as its ‘Xiao Long Bao’ (steamed pork dumplings). Sixth, Carl’s Junior which is a fast-food chain offering juicy, premium-quality charbroiled burgers in western US. The last one, The Station Kitchen which is the group’s integrated F&B concept for diners, one of Singapore’s latest clubbing hot spots (BreadTalk,2012). Size of business BreadTalk was founded as F&B operator in Singapore in 2000 and listed on the SGX in 2003 and became BreadTalk ® Group Limited with global staff strength of more than 6,000 employees, the Group has a network of over 500 bakery outlets in 16 countries. It also operates 13 Michelin Star Din Tai Fung restaurants in Singapore and Thailand, as well as over 30 award-winning Food Republic food atrium in Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Taiwan and Thailand. (BreadTalk. com,2012). According to SME award winning for 2010 in Singapore, HSBC was the key to sponsor the award of SME together with DP Information Group, has helped elevate the status of SMEs and entrepreneurs by acknowledging their achievements. Exactly, Breadtalk Group Limited was achieved Sales/Turnover Growth Excellence Award (HSBC. com,2012) Office equipment and personnel The concept of Breadtalk is about the bakeries with our distinctive sleek and clean lines and signature ‘see-through' kitchens showcasing the expertise of our bakers. It also make customers feel familiar and warm close friendships into its stores. Happy Chefs are the new characters of Breadtalk in different nationalities. The centerpieces of the stores are the bread display cases. It is cut out like facets of a diamond, bringing out the freshness like their jewels – the freshly baked aromatic breads. The new stores also recreate the atmosphere of a friend's kitchen. Equipped with new state-of-the-art bakery equipment imported from Germany, Spain and Japan, the taste, aroma, quality and texture consistency of our breads are further enhanced. New staff uniforms also environmentally-friendly packaging for all products complete the entire new look. The new concept stores will be rolled out gradually in Singapore and overseas to further reinforce a cohesive branding effort (BreadTalk,2012) Background of entrepreneurs BreadTalk was incorporated in Singapore on 6 Mar 03 as an investment holding company. Its principal subsidiary, BreadTalk Pte Ltd, is a private limited company incorporated in Singapore on 24 Apr 2000. The group was founded by its managing director, Mr George Quek and Executive Director, Ms Katherine Lee. It was listed on the SGX Catalist Board in 2003 (CIMB Research Report,2009). Brief For industry analysis can be summarized into Market segmentation of BreadTalk were divided itself into three segments: bakery, food court and restaurant which many subordinated lines of the main segmentation. Analysis of competitor from CIMB Research in 2009, the direct ompetitors of BreadTalk outlets are local names such as Four Leaves and My Bread Future outlook and trends was planned by BreadTalk to expand into China and regional market and rising food cost. As it is the largest challenge for the Bakery business. BreadTalk is going to shorten the supply chain and buying in bulk globally for economies of scale. Industry forecasts was reported by CIMB Research in 2009 that BreadTalkâ €™s revenue grew as they expect and the net profit was forecasted to grow up more in 2009-2011. Description of Venture Products and Services of BreadTalk ® Group Limited can be grouped into 7 sections : BreadTalk keys as the bakery chain. The Icing Room sells a wide range of cakes, pastries and cookies and allowing customers to decorate their own cakes. Toast Box is the coffee shops in the 1960s and 70s generation. Food Republic offers a wide spread of local hawker and street food with an air-conditioned environment. Din Tai Fung is the healthy house. Carl’s Junior is a fast-food chain offering juicy, premium-quality charbroiled burgers in western US. The last one, The Station Kitchen is the group’s integrated F;B concept for diners. Size of business, BreadTalk was founded as F;B operator in Singapore in 2000 and listed on the SGX in 2003 and became BreadTalk ® Group Limited and won SME awards from many institutions. Office equipment and personnel were renew again with the concept of friendly kitchen , friendly friendship and the most clean. Background of entrepreneurs said in CIMB Research Report in 2009 that BreadTalk was incorporated in Singapore on 6 March 2003 as an investment holding company. The group was founded by Mr George Quek and Executive Director, Ms Katherine Lee. It was listed on the SGX Catalist Board in 2003. Reference BreadTalk. com, 2012, Breadtalk Concept retrieved 19 July, 2012 from http://breadtalk. listedcompany. com/concept. html Breadtalk. com, 2012, Business Review, retrieved 19 July, 2012 from http://www. breadtalk. com/business-review. html Fresin,F. , 2012, Fast Food Restaurant Business Plan, Market Segmentation, retrieved 19 July, 2012 from http://www. bplans. com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/market_analysis_summary_fc. php#ixzz213vUZ1us CIMB Research Report, 2009, BreadTalk Group Limited, Main competitors, retrieved 19 July, 2012 from http://breadtalk. listedcompany. com/misc/BreadTalk_Initiation. pdf CIMB Research Report, 2009, BreadTalk Group Limited,Background, retrieved 19 July, 2012 from http://breadtalk. listedcompany. com/misc/BreadTalk_Initiation. pdf CorporateInformation. com, 2012, Breadtalk Group Ltd, retrieved 19 July, 2012 from http://www. corporateinformation. com/Company-SnapShot. aspx? cusip=C702VL300;from=Manta HSBC. com , 2012, Industry Event , retrieved 23 July,2012 from http://www. hsbc. com. sg/1/2/business/news-and-events/events/sme500

Texas A&M bonfire disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Texas A&M bonfire disaster - Essay Example This critical essay presents a brief look at what can be learnt from the previously mentioned incident and the essay illustrates how communications play an important role in disaster mitigation and emergency response. On November 18, 1999 preparations for the annual Texas A & M University bonfire which used to be an annual event on the eve of the football game between Texas A & M University and its archrival the University of Texas at Austin went horribly wrong when the forty foot stack which was being constructed for the bonfire collapsed. The collapse occurred during the early morning hours on the previously mentioned date. The stack that was being constructed consisted of approximately 5000 logs which were being stacked for a bonfire and as a result of the collapse twelve people died and another twenty - eight had to be hospitalized with serious injuries. 1 The incident was particularly sad because most of those that suffered were young people who were preparing for what was supposed to be an event that had been a part of the university tradition for a long time. The previously mentioned incident was an emergency response incident and although emergency medical personnel from the University Emergency Medical Service were on the scene at the time of the collapse, a 911 call was considered as being appropriate considering the magnitude of the disaster. The first 911 call was received at the City of College Station’s Emergency Communications Center at 02:43 hours and this means that a delay had possibly occurred before it was decided that a call had to be made for further assistance. The caller had reported that the bonfire stack had collapsed at the university campus and that as many as thirty people were suspected to be trapped under logs. Emergency response was swift and the first ambulance and fire teams arrived on the

Calotropis procera extract leaf root stem Research Paper

Calotropis procera extract leaf root stem - Research Paper Example The plant has a number of medicinal uses in the treatment of: leprosy, fever, menorrhagia, malaria, and snake bites a factor that makes the extraction of its juices fundamental. Below are brief discussions of how its most fundamental juices are extracted: Water is the most basic of the three and the easiest to extract. The plant has deep roots that reach the water tables and additionally some of its roots fly right below the ground surface to tap all the rain water in the light showers that may be experienced in the desert. Slicing right through the stem of the plant opens the two very fundamental structures; the phloem and the xylem. This exposure results in the xylem dripping the water that was being transported to the roots and other parts for photosynthesis (Sharma & Sharma, 1999). Oil is also easy to extract from the plant. Since water is easily lost through transpiration from plants, this plant faces an acute shortage of the commodity. To preserve the little it has, it opts to carry out any other transportation system through its body in oil form. Oil is thick and viscous and is not easily lost in any process. With an appropriate solvent, one can easily absorb oil from the stem of the plant (Ramar & Vincent, 1997). Alcohol is a product that the plant produces in the process of photosynthesis. It is produced from the reaction of water with carbon dioxide and is stored right beneath the back of the stem (Cronquist, 1981). Hanukoglu I (Dec 1992). "Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Steroidogenic enzymes: structure, function, and role in regulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Oxford: OUP Mensink, R. P.; Katan, M. B. (1992). "Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins. A meta-analysis of 27 trials". Arteriosclerosis and thrombosis  : a journal of vascular biology / American Heart Association 12 (8): 911–919. Sharma, P. & Sharma, D. (1999).

Overthrow History Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overthrow History Paper - Essay Example Ultimately, the US loses interest in the target countries, allowing corruption or terrorism to flourish. Another pattern we can look at is the history of U.S.A mediation in governments around the world.   Kinzer’s starts with what he notes as the first American intervention in a foreign country, an intervention whose known aim was to collapse that government: the case of Hawaii, 1893. Hawaii was then an autonomous state ruled by a sovereign, Queen Liliuokalani. Kinzer facts the various political and economic motives behind this early example of American military power, or merely the threat of it, being ultimately used to destabilize and ultimate overthrow a foreign power that was not deemed to be complying with U.S. interests. Kinzer is careful to outline the economic imperatives that are so often at the root of political upheavals; in the case of Hawaii, it is white concern in the enormous profits to be made from sugar. The relation among economic and political forces as th ey played out in the case of Hawaii at the end of the 19th century set the pattern, Kinzer argues, for the several interventions that would go after over the next 100 years. Fast-forward to the assault of Iraq in 2003: as Kinzer notes, â€Å"Giant American Corporations stood to make huge profits from this conflict and its aftermath.† Among the main beneficiaries were Halliburton, Bechtel, and the Carlyle Group, all with ties to the Bush management and all major contributors to Bush’s presidential campaigns.   He tells the narration of the bold politicians, spies, military commanders, and commerce executives who took it upon themselves to depose royals, presidents, and prime ministers. He also shows that the U.S.A administration has often pursued these operations with no understanding the countries involved; as a result, many of them have had disastrous long-term effects. In a convincing and offensive history that takes readers to fourteen countries, including Cuba, I ran, South Vietnam, Chile, and Iraq, Kinzer surveys current American history from a new and often startling perspective. Justification for regime changes in places The control that economic power exercises over American foreign policy had grown extremely since the days when determined planters in Hawaii realized that by bringing their islands into the United States, they would be able to send their sugar to markets on the mainland without paying import duties. As the twentieth century progressed, titans of trade and their advocates went a step beyond influencing policy makers; they became the policy makers. The stature who most perfectly embodied this merging of political and economic interests was John Foster Dulles, who spent decades operational for some of the world’s most powerful corporations and then became secretary of state. Dulles ordered the 1953 coup in Iran, which was intended in part to make the Middle East safe for American oil companies. A year later he ordered another coup, in Guatemala, where a nationalist government had challenged the power of United Fruit, a company his old law firm represented. Having marshalled so much public and political support, American corporations found it relatively easy to call upon the military or the Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA) to defend their privileges in countries where they ran into trouble. They might not have been able to do so if they and the presidents who cooperated with them

Deconstructing a Device Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deconstructing a Device - Research Paper Example Consequently, as technical knowledge increased and specialists in the communication field explored more option, the technology of advanced mobile communication devices also grew accordingly. This also saw the shift of the functions and uses of the mobile phones from just mere communication devices, to other extensive purposes. Similarly, the technological evolution also realized a shift of the partnering technologies and fields, to incorporate additional components facilitated by the other fields such as the software developers among others. Today, my mobile phone is not just a device that I carry around for communication purposes. Practically, the mobile is a companion to many users (Dhanendran 1). For instance, the number of people with mobile phones is enough evidence of the particulate use of the device. The mobile phones have evolved in its applications, from a simple communications device to an essential operating device that facilitates most of the daily lives of its users. In everyday life, we see people along the streets and in restaurants among other places holding their phones. What activities they engage using the phone, you may ask? Well, the phone is essentially and practically one of the most convenient devices of all time, with critical applications. Some uses include taking pictures and videos (Dhanendran 1). My phone, for instance, the HTC Android model has an inbuilt feature of sensitivity that gives it the best camera resolution, making remarkably clear images and videos (Hansen 1). Another notable application of the mobile device is the ability to send and receive text messages. Similarly, this incorporates the texting services provided by the host service provider as well as, applications that use the internet to facilitate texting. Another elemental use of the mobile phone is the ability to access the internet

Alexander and Hellenism cultures Research Paper

Alexander and Hellenism cultures - Research Paper Example This essay discusses the influence of Alexander the Great on Hellenistic society, economy, culture, and arts. Alexander’s Life and War When Alexander the Great’s father, Philip of Macedon, died in 336 B.C., he immediately occupied the throne. Through his mentor Aristotle, Alexander largely appreciated Greek culture. He was fascinated by the Homeric epics. He was inspired by the heroic achievements and determination of the characters, especially Achilles (Pollitt 1986, 271). But Alexander, just like these Homeric heroes, also possessed remarkable leadership and military abilities which he inherited from his father. Alexander also took over his father’s major state plan, which was the ultimate defeat of Persia. This mission fuelled the daring character of Alexander. Alexander was a student of Isocrates, an orator who supported a campaign against Persia to unify the Greeks within a single objective (Burn 1948, 11-12). Philip had planned to defend his ownership of Gr eece by preventing the advance of Persia to Asia Minor; but his son, who was very ambitious, sought to invade the whole Persian kingdom. Leading a massive army in 334 B.C., Alexander passed through Asia Minor, and finally moved forward to India. Because of his excellent military, leadership, and strategy skills, Alexander’s armed forces had built an empire which extended from Greece to India. After Alexander’s reign, the world had never been the same again. His adventures and conquests introduced Eastern and Western cultures to each other (Curtis 2000, 66). Alexander himself contributed to this massive change, whether purposely or unintentionally. He married a Persian woman, encouraged the intermarriage between his soldiers and Asian women, and enlisted Persian soldiers into his army. He built city-states in Asia, where Greek immigrants intermarried with the local peoples (Perry 2012, 616). But, as argued by Pollitt (1986), even though Alexander was not able to bring a ll the peoples and cultures together in a world-state, his conquests drove the world in a new path, toward a union of diverse populations and the mixing together of cultures. Alexander’s conquest was indeed the driving force for the advancement of the Hellenistic culture all over the Near East and western Mediterranean. His conquest also created the foundation for the establishment of Christianity, the Roman Empire, and other major features of Western history. The Influence of the Expedition of Alexander the Great on Hellenistic Culture The era of cosmopolitan culture and global interaction emerged after the semi-Hellenized Philip of Macedon had tore down the self-rule of city-states, and Alexander had invaded the Persian kingdom. In 332 B.C.E., Alexander conquered Palestine, then Egypt; and since then the situation of the Jewish people was transformed. The objective as well as the impact of Alexander’s achievements was to bring the East and the West together intellect ually and politically. Nationalistic sentiments were barely shown by the peoples of Eastern societies, except for the Jewish and Persian people (Skelton & Dell 2009, 93, 26). Nationalism was growing weaker among the Greeks. Alexander aspired to create a remarkable mixture of knowledge in a global empire, which, through a grouping of local cultures and racial superiorities in a bigger and wider political sphere, should promote arts and knowledge and spread the Hellenic

Epidemly and biostat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Epidemly and biostat - Assignment Example It’s again not adequate since even those that received treatment with medication still scored 16 on the CES-D, indicating non-compliance or ineffective treatment (Aben et al. 2012). Age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, employment, and socioeconomic status were the statistics used to describe the demographic variable. And definitely yes, theses statistics were the most appropriate form of demographic data description (Aben et al. 2012). The non-parametric statistical analysis technique should be used instead of the alternative due to the fact that the people involved in the study were residing in the rural area, where the quality of education may be of poor or low standards compared to the urban areas. Members of control groups reported no difference in pain and non-significant increase in mobility difficulties; thus the pilot study conducted require further investigation of the effectiveness of GI with PMR as a self-management intervention of pain reduction and mobility difficulties associated with OA. The study cannot be generalized to the United States as a whole. This is due to the fact that it is only the rural part of the entire United States population that was studied, which is not a representative of the entire population (Aben et al. 2012). This study is not relevant only relevant to the elderly population, some individuals might have inherited some hereditary conditions that exposes them to pain, of which can be identified, diagnosed and treated appropriately (Aben et al. 2012). Breastfeeding rates after the educational program significantly increased, a clear indication that the community-based breastfeeding intervention program was effective in promoting breastfeeding among women. 1. The following list represents the number of nursing students enrolled in a particular nursing program between the years of 2001 and 2007, respectively: 563, 593, 606, 520, 563, 610, and 577. Determine the mean, median,

Research Assessment Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Assessment Paper - Assignment Example   In this research paper I have to cover these questions that are; a). List the journal reference in APA style. I have used the article â€Å"internet and the social life† because I have to cover that how can students minimize hesitation and make new friends that is why I have taken this article because internet plays an important role for minimizing the distances between people and for maximizing the interpersonal relationship. The authors of social identity theory demonstrate that completely interpersonal or completely intergroup behavior is discovering in realistic social situations. Media plays an important role for enhancing interpersonal communication because through internet you can easily done conversation and make new friends on social networking sites like on face book, orkut etc. Through internet you can email, chat, this reduces the communication barrier and enhances the social relationship (Turner & Oakes, 1986). b). List the researchers’ hypothesis as ou tlined in the first section of this article. Then explain in your own words the question(s) these researchers were trying to examine. Researcher’s hypothesis of this article is that internet plays an important role for minimizing greater distances and for maximizing the distances in interpersonal relationship between people like the people which are present in front of the face. In this article researcher has examined what are the effects of internet use, how the internet helps in formation and maintenance in interpersonal relationships and what are the effects of the usage of internet on the group membership, social identity, work place and community involvement. According to researcher of the article, he states internet helps great for maintaining interpersonal relationship like you can talk freely as well as make friends easily on internet and without any hesitation as compared to face to face communication. You can easily make friends of your class mates easily on interne t from which you feel hesitation in face to face conversation. There are many positive effects of internet especially in interpersonal relationships like the parents can easily do conversation with their children who are studying in other countries and cities in a very less expense. Through internet you can easily make friends through social networking sites as well as through email, yahoo chat etc. In social networking sites you can share your favorite songs, videos which enhance the interpersonal relationships (John & Katelyn, 2004). Researcher states that there are many positive effects as I have stated above but there are also many negative effects like the weakening of family relations like children and youngsters prefer to utilize their time on internet while chatting their friends on internet, while playing games on internet instead of having conversation with their siblings and parents. Through internet people have made addicted of watch pornography. They utilize their sever al hours while watching these, instead of playing outside with their friends. Obesity has also increased because of sitting in front of the computer in several hours. The main reason of the obesity is the totally end of physical games because of intensive use of internet. The main biggest effect of the internet has happened on the

Forces for expansion of Atlantic world and relation to North American Essay

Forces for expansion of Atlantic world and relation to North American colonial history - Essay Example The avenues created by the so launched project created the pathways for the Europeans to migrate into the Americas right from the sixteenth century, they then fought and defeated the native populations and even went to an extent to ensure they were extinct by devouring them completely. These were facilitated by the need for these populations to create and establish European agricultural and urban settlement schemes. Furthermore, the European powers were driven by the urge to impose upon the subjects’ rules and regulations on commerce and trade, land owning and the general political life (Linebaugh, Peter, and Marcus 2000 pg.43). These are the fundamental factors that lead to the transformation of the old world according to the historical fundamentals into the so called new world and hence the Atlantic world. The creation of the Atlantic world was also characterized by the creation of the empires. These were facilitated by the urge and zeal by which commerce and trade was expanding from Europe to America. Other factors being the movement of the population for religious freedom, escape from oppression, adventure with the largest majority of the Europeans moving in search of economic empowerment through the search for economic opportunities (Linebaugh, Peter, and Marcus 2000 pg.67). Therefore, the Europeans immigrants in America attained their settlements through a connection between Europe and America as a result of trade or commerce; this is evident due to the yearly growth in commerce both extensively and in a quite complex manner. These also intensified with the sharp increase in demand for labor in the new world characterized by commerce fueling expansion of trade hence increased migration from the old world to the new world. Increased commerce also became the cause of the increase in slavery in the Americas hence the growth in slave trade between the European America and Africa and these draws us to the fact that the Atlantic world was not only inclusion of the Europe and America but also Africa (Linebaugh, Peter, and Marcus 2000 pg.93). The other major factor that was binding to the Atlantic world is religion. The majority of the American settlers carried their Christian religions from Europe which they maintained. While the Catholics maintained their close ties to the Vatican in Rome where they originated, the Protestants who were the majority in North America were closely linked to their European counterparts. Religion through new ideas and movement spread across the Atlantic like bushfire resulting into the movement of the great revival of the into America, it is important to note that the ideas and movements we are talking about originated from Europe. For example, the great evangelist George Whitefield propelled the movement of the â€Å"Great Awakeningà ¢â‚¬  form great Britain to America in quite a large chunk. The

Final Reflection &Portfolio of Final Versions Essay Example for Free

Final Reflection Portfolio of Final Versions Essay â€Å"My Journey as a Writer† I have accomplished a great deal in the past three months. As the semester ends I find myself reflecting not only on how I have survived the first semester but also what I have learned. Writing is hard work. There is so much more to it than just writing an interesting story. I also learned another important lesson; just because I worked hard on an essay before presenting it and reviewed the daylights out of it did not mean it was ready for submission. Every time I went back to read it I found new changes, typos and other mistakes I had missed before. Reviewing and revising an essay is an essential part of writing. Reviewing allows me to rewrite and make changes in the essay’s content, organization and sentence structures. It allows me to add, remove, move or substitute words to make sure it communicates effectively the purpose of the essay. The task of reviewing the essays I wrote for this course allowed me to learn and improve my writing skills; as a result my essays have evolved into more stylish and fluent pieces of writing. Out of all the essays I wrote in this course, â€Å"A Book with Nostalgic Flavor† is my favorite and the one I would like to improve even further. I would love to add more content to the body of the essay and expand it by discussing specific cooking recipes and the family stories tied to them. I think that by making these changes the essay will become richer and more pleasant for the reader. I have also learned how to avoid certain patterns of error often found in my writing. Limiting the use of complex words and use simple, straightforward vocabulary instead. Using sentences that are direct and simple instead of sentences that are long and confusing. Avoiding patterns of error ensures that my writing clearly communicates its purpose and it is easy to understand. I still need to improve the use of punctuation signs, the use of commas to be more specific. Having a better understanding of the proper use of punctuation signs helps to avoid comma splices and other mistakes that affect the natural flow a good essay needs to have. Comparing the first essay I wrote at the beginning of this course to the most recent essay I have written. I notice how my writing skills have improved, my ideas have become more developed and my essays flow better and are less awkward. Throughout this course, I have learned and grown in ways I never would have imagined. I know I still have a long way to go, but I am getting there. â€Å"A Book with Nostalgic Flavor† Many years have passed since I started thinking about writing a book . A book that combines my passion for cooking and the nostalgia I feel being away from my home, my family and the land I will forever hold dear, Guatemala. I remember I was just a child when my passion for cooking first awakened. It came as no surprise to me, since it was in my grandmother’s kitchen where some of the sweetest memories of my childhood happened. It has been almost 20 years since I left Guatemala; I was just a kid back then. I would have never imagined that after so many years the most trivial memories would make me feel nostalgic. This is why I would like to write a book a tribute to my precious homeland and an opportunity to share those experiences and the inedible imprint they left on me. Cooking is a big part of family and social life in Guatemala. Cooking recipes are passed down from generation to generation while socializing, sharing old family stories and traditions that have been in the family for centuries. Traditions that are the backbone of our family history and a big part of Guatemalan culture. It is now up to me to pass down those traditions. It is thanks to my family, especially my grandmother’s guidance and patience that I am able to keep the family recipes and traditions alive. I’m looking forward to writing this book a testament to the invaluable heritage and the unique flavor it gives to my identity. â€Å"Changing Our Lives† Earning a degree has a dramatic socioeconomic impact in a person’s life and it is the reason thousands of working adults decide to go back to school every year. For instance, a degree can help start or change a career, it can push forward professional development, and it can lead to a significant increase of income. Also, it provides each individual with a sense of accomplishment and as a result it increases self-esteem. There are countless ways in which earning a degree will impact our lives. Deciding to go back to school is the first step towards â€Å"Changing Our Lives†. That is precisely what I decided to do the fall of 2012, after almost 20 years I decided to go back to school and earn a degree. It was not an easy decision to make, the thought of juggling work, marriage and school scared me. I felt stuck, I needed to change my life and I knew that without a degree it would not be possible. I made a list of all the pros and cons, and it was clear the pros outweighe d the cons. That’s when I decided to enroll in school. I was not going to let anything keep me from reaping the benefits of having a degree. I will not continue to be afraid instead I will be brave and go back to school despite all the reasons and obstacles that had stopped me before. I am proud I took the first step towards changing my life forever, I am back in school. I know I am on my way to a better career and a better me. I’m looking forward to the sense of accomplishment getting a degree will bring to my life and after so many years of putting it off I can finally say; I am on my way! â€Å"Conquering my Fear of Writing† I have to admit that I’m not a good writer. Luckily, I can say that in my life I have not had the need to write a lot and have not faced many opportunities that required me to do so. Professionally, I was lucky enough to always have had someone help me with any projects that involved heavy use of writing skills. On a personal level, I have tried as much as possible to stay away from it because I know that I am not good at it. These are facts that I am not proud of and now I have decided to change. Registering at school is the first step I have taken towards conquering my fear of writing. My fear of writing has not helped me throughout the years. I am a firm believer that by staying away from writing and limiting my exposure to situations where I had to write I crippled myself even further. Instead of using every chance I got to write as practice and use it as a learning experience, my lack of practice only made me more afraid. I refuse to continue feeding the same cycle. I hav e decided to confront my fear and I hope that by taking this class and being back in school I will be able to learn the skills necessary to write without fear. One of the worst experiences I can remember and the one that probably is the biggest reason I am afraid of writing happened at work. I remember early in my career I was working on a report, I was aware that I was not the best writer, however, I did not think I was the worst. I decided to write the report despite my lack of writing skills only to embarrass myself beyond belief. When my supervisor reviewed it, she had nothing but horrible comments about it. I was so embarrassed I never again ventured to write anything on my own again. At this point in my life I am tired of being a bad writer, and I’m tired of being afraid of writing. I want nothing more than to be able to write a paper like the one I’m writing and not be afraid of turning it in. I hope that my efforts pay off and I’m finally able to conquer my fear of writing.

A Note on Cheerleading Essay Example for Free

A Note on Cheerleading Essay Cheerleading. When you hear that word, what do you think about? Snobby, skinny blonde girls that have nothing else to do in life besides smile and wear short skirts? Well, when I hear that word, I think of confident, courageous and athletic young women who have a chance to be someone else on a gym floor. Cheerleading is full of so many opportunities! I’ve been a cheerleader for four years and it has done so many things. But before that all happened, my life was just simple. I was nervous to talk in crowds, my face turned red when people wanted to speak to me, and I acted shy in many other ways. I wouldn’t say I was a nobody. I mean, I was a somebody, but just not a positive, talkative student who enjoyed attention. In 7th grade, signing up for cheerleading was a hassle. I didn’t want to sign up all by myself. So I convinced some of my friends to sign up with me. Unfortunately, they quit right before try-outs because they weren’t that interested anymore. So basically, I felt all by myself. But I hung on. I cheered all the cheers, chanted all the chants, stretched all the stretches, and jumped all the jumps. Cheerleading was fun. It changed my life in just three months. I felt as if I was â€Å"coming out of my shell.† But more was to come freshman year. Signing up for cheerleading in freshmanwas easy. But it was the wait for the season to actually start that was aggravating! Eventually, time slowly came by and it was , 2009, the first day of practice, and that was a wake-up call. There was a new, more professional coach, and only one girl from last year was back to be on the squad. So it was time to meet other people for a change and make more friends. New cheers were being taught from the captains of the High School Cheerleaders. Who knew that I’d get the highest score in try-outs and become head captain? Well, I did, and a captain is supposed to lead everyone. That’s what let me be myself. I was able to help everyone understand what to do, when to do it, and stand in front of a crowd by having a different uniform than the other non-captains on the team. Games are my favorite. Just running onto the floor is a rush, and I plan to do that for at least four more years. Yes, I want to be on the High School Cheerleading squad! I’m confident I will make it, and I’m not scared to try. The high school coach has been to some of our practices and I could tell she was impressed. I guess I have to wait a year to see what she says. GO, BULLDOGS! As you can see, there’s been a drastic before and after. Before, I was a shy girl who was just average. Now, I’m a young woman who has a good sense of self-confidence!

Business Essays Motivation In Business

Business Essays Motivation In Business Motivation In Business. Introduction Motivation has been defined as the psychological process that gives behaviour purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). In psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior (Green, 1995). In simplistic terms, we can define motivation as the desire and willingness to do something and the inner force that helps individuals achieve their goals. Understanding what motivates employees and what can employers do to motivate their internal customers has been the focus of research by many researchers and the topic has gained special prominence in recent years. This is mainly because motivated employees can provide a firm with a distinctive advantage and a comptetitive edge and by being more productive they can help organisation thrive and survive. There are two schools of thought on motivational theories, the scientific school of thought and the behavioural school of thought. Scientific Model The basis of scientific management is considering employees as an input to the production of goods and services. The approach stresses on scientific selection, training and development of workers instead of allowing them to choose their own tasks and training methods and its objective is to carry out work in accordance with scientifically devised procedures. One of the pioneers and inventor of scientific approach to management was Frederick Taylor. Frederic Taylor, (1856-1915) was the first to analyse human behaviour scientifically with his machine model by making individuals into the equivalent of machine parts. He broke down the tasks to its smallest unit to figure out the best approach. After careful analysis of the job, workers were trained to do only those motions essential to the task. Taylor attempted to make a science for each element of work and restrict behavioural alternatives facing worker and looked at interaction of human characteristics, social environment, task, and physical environment, capacity, speed, durability and cost. The overall goal was to remove human variability. (Terpstra, 2005) Taylors machine model was a success and did increase production and profitability because rational rules replaced trial and error and management became more formalized which eventually led to increased efficiency. But Taylors treatment of human beings like machines faced resistance from managers and workers who considered thi s way of working as dehumanization of work. One of the other features of Taylors work was stop-watch timing as the basis of observations and breaking the timings down into elements. This method also faced stiff group resistance because no one likes to be so close monitored for each little part of the work he/she does. Despite its criticisms, Taylors methods had a great impact on work because he invented a new, efficient and more productive way to work that changed the complete nature of the industry. Before scientific management, departments such as work study, personnel, maintenance and quality control did not exist. (Buford, 2000) The core elements of scientific management remain popular and have only been modified and updated to suit the current scenario. Behavioural approach Unlike scientific approach behaviour approach places emphasis on what motivates people and seeks to identify and account for the specific influences that motivate people. Some of the distinguished theories of behavioural approach to motivation are discussed below. Maslow (1943) put forward the hierarchy of needs theory which saw human needs in the form of a hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest. He argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need and once one set of needs is satisfied, this kind of need ceases to be a motivator. The five needs are: Physiological needs These are the most basic human needs which are important for sustenance like food, water, warmth, shelter, sleep etc. Maslow argued that unless physiological needs are satisfied to a degree, no other motivating factor can work. Safety or Security needs These are needs to be free of physical danger and emotional harm like the fear of losing a job, property, food or shelter. It relates to security, protection and stability in the personal events of everyday life. Social Needs These are needs for love, affection and belongingness and social acceptance. People are social beings and try to satisfy their needs for acceptance and friendship. Esteem Once peoples social needs are satisfied, they look for esteem (reputation). This need produces such satisfaction as power, prestige status and self confidence. It includes both internal esteem factors like self-respect, autonomy, achievements and external esteem factors such as recognition and attention as well as personal sense of competence. (Source) .Self actualization This need is the drive to become what one is capable of becoming. Its the need to grow and use abilities to the fullest potential. It includes growth and self-fulfillment by achieving ones potential to accomplish something Looking at Maslows hierarchy of needs triangle, as each needs are substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. (eg. esteem needs become dominant after social needs are satisfied).Also, when a need gets substantially satisfied, it stops to be motivating. The crux of Maslows theory is to focus on finding out the level of hierarchy the person is in and focusing on satisfying his/her needs and the needs above it. Maslows theory of needs has been wider recognised and is being practiced by managers across the globe. The theorys ease of understanding and intuitive logic makes it easy to implement, but there is no empirical evidence to validate the theory and there is no metric to measure the success of the theory after being implemented. So, the quantitative impact of Maslows theories cannot be accurately measured. Frederick Herzbergs (1959) famous quote says If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to do. Herzbergs motivational theory has a two component approach and is known as the two-factor theory. His theory suggests that things which prevent dissatisfaction are not the same as things which create satisfaction. (Herzberg, 1959) When people are dissatisfied (de-motivated) with their work it is usually because of discontent with environmental factors which he terms as Hygiene Factors. These hygiene factors include factors such as, security, status, relationship with subordinates, personal life, salary, work conditions, relationship with supervisor, company policy and administration (Bedeian, 2003). These are the factors whose presence in the organization is natural and does not lead to motivation, however its absence does lead to de-motivation. Hygiene factors include the work and the organizational environment. The second component of the theory involves factors whose absen ce causes no dissatisfaction but whose presence has huge motivational value. Herzberg terms these factors as Motivational factors which are factors such as growth prospects, career progression and advancement, responsibility, challenges, recognition and achievements. The theory concentrates around the fact that the opposite to satisfaction is not dissatisfaction and merely removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily makes the job satisfying. Herzberg stresses that both the approaches (hygiene and motivational) should be done simultaneously to be effective. Herzbergs theory, in a way, is a modification to Maslows hierarchy of needs. Some critics term Herzbergs theory as vague, but considering todays business world where job context and content are major issues, the theory if practiced effectively can give good results because it is based on superb motivational ideas. Diagramatic representation of Herzberg two-factor theory (Taken from Web 2) Vrooms Expectancy Theory Vrooms expectancy theory argues that motivation is based on values and beliefs of individuals and examines motives through the perception of what a person believes will happen. It is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964). The theory states that individuals can be motivated if they believe that there is a positive correlation between the efforts they put in and their performance and when that favourable performance leads to a reward. Consequently, the reward helps satisfy an important need and the desire to satisfy that need is strong enough to make the efforts worth wile. The theory states that the strength of an individuals motivation will depend on the extent to which they expect the results of their efforts to contribute towards their personal needs or goals and posits that motivation is a result of a rational calculation(Vroom, 1964) The calculation is based on peoples beliefs (pointed above) about the probability that effort will lead to performance (expectancy), multiplied by the probability that performance will lead to reward (instrumentality), multiplied by the perceived value of the reward (valence) (Source) Vroom argues that the equation Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence can be used to predict whether a particular reward will motivate an individual or not. Vrooms theory can apply to any apply to any situation where someone does something because they expect a certain outcome. The theory is about the associations people make towards expected outcomes and the contribution they feel they can make towards those outcomes (Bowen,1991) Critics have applauded the basics of Vrooms theory but questions have been raised about the validity over the motivation equation as a product of expectancy, instrumentality and valence. Porter-Lawler Expectancy theory Porter-Lawlers theory is much on the same lines as Vrooms and suggests that levels of motivation are based more on the value that individuals place on the reward.  Actual performance in a job is primarily determined by the effort spent and is also affected by the persons ability to do the job and his perception of what the required task is. The theory states that performance is the responsible factor that leads to intrinsic as well as extrinsic rewards and these rewards, along with the equity of individual leads to satisfaction. Hence, satisfaction of the individual depends upon the fairness of the reward (Bowen 1991) Porter and Lawler point out that perceived inequality in this model plays a pivotal role in job satisfaction. The perception of equal or unequal reward may cause dissatisfaction which means that organizations have to continuously keep evaluating their reward system. The theory along with equity theory demonstrates the importance of avoiding discriminatory practices in the workplace and states that it is imperative for employees to give equal treatment to employees on the job. Elton Mayo with his behavioural experiments known as Hawthorne Experiments was among the first few to analyse the human aspects of motivation He conclusions were that motivation was a very complex subject and was not only about pay, work condition and morale but also about psychological and social factors. He concluded that the need for recognition and a sense of belonging were very important motivational factors. Reinforcement based approach to motivation Reinforcement was propounded by Skinner and this theory is based on motivation approaches are in some way similar to expectancy theory as both consider the process by which an individual chooses behaviour in a particular situation. It emphasises re-designing the external environment by making positive changes to encourage motivation. Skinner states that work environment should be made suitable to the individuals and that punishments actually leads to frustration and de-motivation. This approach explains the role of rewards in greater detail as they cause the behaviour to change or remain the same. Expectancy theory focuses more on behaviour choices, and reinforcement theory focuses more on the consequences of those choices (Skinner, 1953) Other theories of behavioral motivation are Adams theory of Equity and Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y. Most of the behavioural theories seem to borrow a little from each other. Maslows theory concentrates on basic human needs, Herzbergs two factor theory brings out the distinction between motivation-demotivation. Because of its quantitative nature, Vrooms theory, is more suited to managers trying to gauge the effect of decisions on employees. Maslow describes which outcomes people are motivated by and Vroom describes whether they will act based upon their experience and expectations. (Harpaz,2004) Maslows theory can be too simple and rigid for todays environment. Porter-Lawler model brings out the perceived inequality and brings out the demerits of discriminatory practices which may be more suitable for more diversified workforce. All behavioral theories have their own significance and its up to the management to decide which theory to apply. Application of motivational theories is purely contextual and specific to a particular workforce. Workplace might merge two theories and apply s ome of the features of each. Because of its contextual nature, none of the theories are generic and better than the other. Comparison of Scientific and Behaviour approach There is an underlying difference between the two approaches to motivation. Scientific approach assumes that work is inherently unpleasant to most people and the financial incentive is more important to them than other factors such as nature of job, role profile, work environment etc. While the behavioural approach to management emphasises the role of social processes in organisations and stresses on belongingness and the need to feel useful. It emphasises that these human needs motivate employees more than money. According to this view, people want to contribute to organisational effectiveness and want to make a genuine contribution towards its success. Scientific management is an effective technique for a capitalist system and a money economy where the companys sole objective is the improvement of efficiency and profitability. (Higgins, 2004). In todays workplace environment, where companys success is judged by various qualitative parameters and where employee motivation forms a si gnificant input to organisations success, human approach to management is more suited. Conclusions Motivation remains a challenge for organizations today. With the changing environment, the solution to motivation problems are becoming even more complex. This is due, in part, to the fact that what motivates employees changes constantly (Bowen Radhakrishna, 2001) Managers need to understand what motivates employees within the context of the roles they perform and understand the process, theories, and fundamental components of motivation. Regardless of which theory is followed, interesting work and employee pay are important links to higher motivation. Options such as job enlargement, job enrichment, promotions, monetary and non-monetary compensation should be considered. Research done by (Higgins, 2004) has come out with ten most motivating factors which are: interesting work, good wages, full appreciation of work done, job security, good working conditions, promotions and growth in the organization, feeling of being in on things, personal loyalty to employees, tactful discipline, and sympathetic help with personal problems. The key to motivating employees is to know what motivates them and designing a motivation program based on those needs. ReferencesBooks and Journal Adams, J. S. (1965). Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz (ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic Press. Bedeian, A. G. (2003). Management (3rd ed.). New York: Dryden Press. Bowen, B. E., Radhakrishna, R. B. (1991). Job satisfaction of agricultural education faculty: A constant phenomena. Journal of Agricultural Education, 32 (2). 16-22. Buford, J. A., Jr., Bedeian, A. G., Lindner, J. R. (2005). Management in Extension (3rd ed.). Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Extension. Buford, J. A., Jr. (2000). Extension management in the information age. Journal of Extension, 28 (1). Dickson, W. J. (1973). Hawthorne experiments. In C. Heyel (ed.), The encyclopedia of management, 2nd ed. (pp. 298-302). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Harpaz, I. (2004). The importance of work goals: an international perspective. Journal of International Business Studies, 21. 75-93. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley Sons. Higgins, J. M. (2004). The management challenge (2nd ed.). New York: Macmillan. Kovach, K. A. (1997). What motivates employees? Workers and supervisors give different answers. Business Horizons, 30. 58-65. Kreitner, R. (2005). Management (6th ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, July 1943. 370-396. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. New York: Free Press. Smith, G. P. (1994). Motivation. In W. Tracey (ed.), Human resources management and development handbook (2nd ed.). Terpstra, D. E. (2005). Theories of motivation: borrowing the best. Personnel Journal, 58. 376.Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley . Web sites (Web 1) Motivation theorists and their theories (online) (cited 15 December) Available from http://www.accel-team.com/motivation/theory_01.html(Web 2) Motivation (online) (cited 16 December) Available from URL http://choo.fis.utoronto.ca/FIS/Courses/LIS1230/LIS1230sharma/motive1.htm

Depression :: essays research papers

Depression Everybody has "the blues" or "feels down" from time to time. It's normal to feel sad for short periods, especially if something bad had happened in our lives. But those of us who suffer from depression have much more than "the blues", and our feelings can last for a long time. There are many sufferers of this illness; at any one time, 5% of Canadians are depressed, and 10-20% will suffer from it at one point in their lives. But family and friends who've never experienced true depression can have trouble understanding what it's like. Many people find it difficult to think of depression as an illness because their are no obvious physical symptoms. But depression is an illness, which is caused by chemical changes in the brain. Few people think that a physical illness is the sufferer's fault-and no one should think depression is, either. Like any other illness, depression has certain symptoms. Once these have been recognized, you can take measures to treat them. Some are: feeling sad, worried or depressed; feeling as if your life is dreary and unlikely to improve; had crying spells; become irritated over little things that didn't used to bother you; find you no longer enjoy hobbies and activities that once made you happy; feel a lack of self-confidence or feeling like a failure; lost your appetite, or are eating more than usual; have had trouble sleeping, or been sleeping too much; had trouble concentrating and making decisions; and thought about death and/or suicide. Knowing the causes for depression can help depressed people, friends, family understand how painful it is and why it's not possible to "snap out of it". It's still not completely clear why depression happens to some of us and not to others, but their are some triggers: stressful events or a loss, physical illness, hormone levels, and use of certain medications, drugs, or alcohol. Most of us think sadness when we think of depression, but there are other physical, emotional, and mental effects, too. Many depressed people feel helpless, and as if this is the way that they are going to feel forever. They have a lack of energy and a lack of interest in life. It's hard for them to ever imagine feeling happy or excited again. Some may withdraw and be less sociable. They may also become short-tempered and difficult to please. No one can do anything right. The world of depression is a lonely place to be. Physical problems can also occur. Some may have trouble getting to sleep or wake up a lot during the night.

Educational Philosophy :: Education Teaching Classroom Teachers Essays

Educational Philosophy â€Å"I’m gonna be a teacher!† I remember telling my second grade teacher, Ms. Akers. It was time to prepare for Open House and we were doing projects based upon our chosen life profession. It was wonderful being in the second grade – you could be anything in the world. And I wanted to be a teacher. That was nearly twenty-five years ago, and my decision still stands. Experience and maturity have changed my views on many issues, but I still want to help shape future generations. I believe our future is held in the hands of today’s children and it is everyone’s responsibility, and an educator’s privilege, to help children discover who they are and whom they can be. While there are many approaches and disciplines related to education, I believe it is naà ¯ve to think that any one approach is all-inclusive. Just as several subjects are studied to make a whole education, several approaches, when combined, can create a more wholesome educational experience. I agree with the Progressivism view that education must be relevant to the needs and interests of students and that learning increases when we are engaged in meaningful activities. A student’s full potential cannot be reached if his/her basic needs such as food, clothing, and compassion are not met. While we are not social workers, we can show the student that he/she is valued and cared for by the way we interact with him/her. Likewise, if a student is not interested in the subject being taught, he/she will be less likely to concentrate and learn. It is our job as educators to create interesting environments with stimulating approaches to learning. It has been my experience that the Behaviorism approach of positive reinforcement is a very effective method. If we, as teachers, provide positive reinforcement whenever students perform a desired behavior/task, they soon will learn to perform the behavior/task on their own. Children need to learn on their own in a relaxed environment and be given support when appropriate. Educational Philosophy :: Education Teaching Classroom Teachers Essays Educational Philosophy â€Å"I’m gonna be a teacher!† I remember telling my second grade teacher, Ms. Akers. It was time to prepare for Open House and we were doing projects based upon our chosen life profession. It was wonderful being in the second grade – you could be anything in the world. And I wanted to be a teacher. That was nearly twenty-five years ago, and my decision still stands. Experience and maturity have changed my views on many issues, but I still want to help shape future generations. I believe our future is held in the hands of today’s children and it is everyone’s responsibility, and an educator’s privilege, to help children discover who they are and whom they can be. While there are many approaches and disciplines related to education, I believe it is naà ¯ve to think that any one approach is all-inclusive. Just as several subjects are studied to make a whole education, several approaches, when combined, can create a more wholesome educational experience. I agree with the Progressivism view that education must be relevant to the needs and interests of students and that learning increases when we are engaged in meaningful activities. A student’s full potential cannot be reached if his/her basic needs such as food, clothing, and compassion are not met. While we are not social workers, we can show the student that he/she is valued and cared for by the way we interact with him/her. Likewise, if a student is not interested in the subject being taught, he/she will be less likely to concentrate and learn. It is our job as educators to create interesting environments with stimulating approaches to learning. It has been my experience that the Behaviorism approach of positive reinforcement is a very effective method. If we, as teachers, provide positive reinforcement whenever students perform a desired behavior/task, they soon will learn to perform the behavior/task on their own. Children need to learn on their own in a relaxed environment and be given support when appropriate.

Power Of One :: Art

Power Of One On set in LA, it would cost $200 for a production assistant to make a music video for one day. In Ethiopia that same $200 means 100 children’s school fees for one term. In NYC, $5000 is the price of hair and makeup for one day, or one year’s schooling for 145 girls in Afghanistan. Sarah McLachlan had $150,000 to make a music video for her song â€Å"World on Fire†, instead she used the money to help 16 countries, and spent only $15 to make her video. Sarah McLachlan has been giving money to many diverse charities throughout her singing career, changing lives and brightening smiles to many people around the world. She also developed the Sarah McLachlan Foundation, which is dedicated to younger musicians. The difference that this one person made to thousands of distressed people will change their lives forever. The very talented, Canadian singer/songwriter Sarah McLachlan has made a difference in many lives around the world. Her Lilith Fair Tour had many proceeds, and she donated $600,000 of it to charities. She also participated in a benefit concert in Vancouver to raise money for cancer research. The concert raised more than $1.5 million, shattering the record of funds raised during any previous single Canadian benefit concert. Next, The Sarah McLachlan Foundation is dedicated to the advancement of music education for young people in Canada, and in particular, to benefit youth in under-served communities. This mandate reflects Sarah McLachlan's passion for music and her desire to share her success with her fellow Canadians. The Foundation currently underwrites music education programs, which Ms. McLachlan initiates in partnership with operating cultural and/or educational organizations. Lastly, Sarah McLachlan’s latest music video â€Å"World on Fire† shows us that there are more important things in life then making expensive music videos. With the $150,000 she could’ve spent on making a marvelous music video, she instead gave it to eleven different charities around the world that sponsor different areas of Third-World Countries. For example, $10,200 buys 2 hours of film stock or six wells, built into six different countries. In LA, catering for one day would cost $3,000, but instead it bought 10950 meals for street children in Calcutta. That $150,000 could mean just a regular paycheck to many wealthy people. To Sarah McLachlan, it meant making a difference in our not so perfect, world. Sarah McLachlan has made such an incredible difference in the lives of those living in the sixteen different countries that she lent a helping hand to. Power Of One :: Art Power Of One On set in LA, it would cost $200 for a production assistant to make a music video for one day. In Ethiopia that same $200 means 100 children’s school fees for one term. In NYC, $5000 is the price of hair and makeup for one day, or one year’s schooling for 145 girls in Afghanistan. Sarah McLachlan had $150,000 to make a music video for her song â€Å"World on Fire†, instead she used the money to help 16 countries, and spent only $15 to make her video. Sarah McLachlan has been giving money to many diverse charities throughout her singing career, changing lives and brightening smiles to many people around the world. She also developed the Sarah McLachlan Foundation, which is dedicated to younger musicians. The difference that this one person made to thousands of distressed people will change their lives forever. The very talented, Canadian singer/songwriter Sarah McLachlan has made a difference in many lives around the world. Her Lilith Fair Tour had many proceeds, and she donated $600,000 of it to charities. She also participated in a benefit concert in Vancouver to raise money for cancer research. The concert raised more than $1.5 million, shattering the record of funds raised during any previous single Canadian benefit concert. Next, The Sarah McLachlan Foundation is dedicated to the advancement of music education for young people in Canada, and in particular, to benefit youth in under-served communities. This mandate reflects Sarah McLachlan's passion for music and her desire to share her success with her fellow Canadians. The Foundation currently underwrites music education programs, which Ms. McLachlan initiates in partnership with operating cultural and/or educational organizations. Lastly, Sarah McLachlan’s latest music video â€Å"World on Fire† shows us that there are more important things in life then making expensive music videos. With the $150,000 she could’ve spent on making a marvelous music video, she instead gave it to eleven different charities around the world that sponsor different areas of Third-World Countries. For example, $10,200 buys 2 hours of film stock or six wells, built into six different countries. In LA, catering for one day would cost $3,000, but instead it bought 10950 meals for street children in Calcutta. That $150,000 could mean just a regular paycheck to many wealthy people. To Sarah McLachlan, it meant making a difference in our not so perfect, world. Sarah McLachlan has made such an incredible difference in the lives of those living in the sixteen different countries that she lent a helping hand to.

The Effects of Watching Tagalized English Movies in the Philippines

Introduction: . Tagalization is the process of converting foreign language into Filipino language or it is the translating of text into Filipino. Under the 1987 Constitution XIV Section 6, the Filipino national language was settled and the Education department adopted a bilingual program to promote the use of Tagalog, the other official language. The government was swayed by studies indicating that children tended to learn better in their native languages The trend for Tagalization or as some would call it Filipinization has increased in the recent years.Among those in the media which have changed languages through the years are the movies. And because of this, the level of English proficiency decreased. Incapability to speak English fluently and efficiently is one of the realities faced by many young Filipinos today. There are many reasons to explain the decline in English proficiency but the proliferation of television shows such as tagalizing English movies is one of the attributo rs. With this, how could we expect the young generation to speak and write English fluently? Absract:This research entitled â€Å"The Effects of Tagalizing English on the English Proficiency of the First Year College Students of Pasig Catholic College† was conducted to know the effects of tagalizing English movies of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College. It aims to answer the following questions 1. What is the profile of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College in terms of: 1. 1 Gender 1. 2 Program1. 3 Age 2. What is the academic level of performance of those students who watch tagalized English movies? 3. What are the effects of watching tagalized English movies?The researcher chose the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College to be her respondents. In this regard, the researcher used descriptive method to determine the different effects of tagalizing English movies of the abovementioned first year college students. The rese archer used the survey questionnaires in gathering data as the main instrument. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. Part I was about the profile of the respondents, part II was the grade in English of the first year college students for the first semester, and part III dealt with the different factors regarding tagalized movies.In the light of the study, the researcher came up with the following findings: Area of Focus This study aims to determine the effects of tagalizing English movies of the first year college students of Pasig Catholic College. The English Teacher: This study may prove significant to the English teachers to become aware of the student’s needs and responses. He/she, as a facilitator of learning should encourage the students in engaging oral and written activities to enhance their English proficiency.The Students: This study will serve as an encouragement to the students to watch English movies more instead of tagalized English movies to develop fundamental communication skills that prepare students to engage in fluent and responsible communication. The Parents: Through this reseach, the parents will come up with ways to assist and expose their children to different English resources to develop the student’s skills in English proficiency. Related Literature: According to Shianee Mamanglu of Manila Bulletin (2010) agreed that the Filipino skill in English have diminished over the years thus the need to enhance it.She also said that only five to ten are accepted out of every 100 call center applicants because of poor English skills particularly on communication. Lingualearn, (2002 ) said that one can learn grammar of a language in different ways and one of these is by watching television. All have an inborn mechanism for decoding and making sense of foreign languages. By immersion in the foreign language and culture, one should be able to pick up any language. The New Strait Times and the Star Newspaper (2005) said tha t it is important that students should watch more television, especially educational English programs.

Dancers, Costumes and Movement Content Essay

habilimentsThe costume passim Flesh and argumentation is a very(prenominal) grave arrogate to the chip. each(prenominal) s flush of the young-bearing(prenominal) dancers persist the same costume in individu on the wholey of the phoebe bird segments therefore this shows that the costume that pastureland Anderson chose was pertinent to the themes in spite of appearance the blame totally the way through.The costumes ar of a medieval stylus, we know this from the design of the dress as they be possessed of squ atomic number 18 necks and clenched readjustment wrist length sleeves a good deal worry the dresses that were worn in that time period. The dresses while away ankle length on a get together of the dances and fox a fitted torso with a dropped v-waist which wherefore falls into a fairly gathered, loose material put down one-half which flows down from the waist to the ankle. In this piece I believe it is all- heavy(a) for the dresses to be fitted on the ordnance store and torso cranial orbit as these argon the main atomic number 18as of which are used in the touching grow such as lifts- and it then makes it easier to make these track downs as dancers stand get a better grip on to each one other.There are too much intricate arm and hand doings where dancers withdraw to intertwine with each other- therefore the affluent fitting arms ensure that the moves can be make outed with clarity and precision. The material of the dresses is curiously specific to the underlying storyline of Joan of sack, as it is a metallic and shining elastic silver fabric. This infers the idea of the dresses symbolising armour, which is relevant to the involvements that Joan of venting had to fight. The masculine armour alike fabric then contrasts against the feminine elan of dress, again backing up the of import theme of Joan of Arc throughout the piece. The shiny material also shimmers in the twinkle and emphasises rides and enha nces locomotes that the dancers perform, whether they are big or down(p) moves which then makes developing motivations clearer to suppose.The dancers have beam feet in each share of the dance, I believe this adds a sense of vulnerability to the hard faced characters and shows that no study how determined Joan of Arc was she, and also the characters within this dance all have a weak spot. The dresses that the dancers wear also have calf length, fitted grey leggings underneath which we see in share dickens- and also subject to cozy up and emphasize driveway. I also believe it was important for the dancers to wear leggings as character 2 has a clustering of al-Qaidawork involved so it is practical to have these underneath the dresses. urinate and hair are also important feelings of the costume within this piece and they cozy up areas of intricate movement. This is shown in the Cathedral in section 2 of the dance where teeny-weeny centre of attention movements upward s, then to the go away are used. This move is simple but is an important reoccurring motif which could make up encountering up to matinee idol- and therefore needs to stand out, which is do through the use of dark eye makeup that contrasts against the dancers pale faces. The red delineate worn throughout shows the dancers are cool it feminine even though they have to wear a masculine military colour, and have a short style of hair which is what Joan of Arc had to do in order to disguise herself. The red lip rouge lay outs danger and passion and also shows that even though they are pretending to be males- they are still bullnecked female characters for sticking up for what they believe in.DancersAll of the dancers look on average mingled with the ages of 25 to 35 and are all female. I believe this shows a strong sense of unity within the piece to symbolise the fact that they are pull up stakes of an army and also makes them all tinge to each other. This is important as i t shows that the piece is thematic- rather than narrative with main characters. overdue to the style of the dance, I believe the dancers go forth of had to have had training in ballet and contemporary and be able to perform in confined spaces such as the down(p) cuff theatre scene which is used and be adaptable for the class specific places that they had to perform.Another key aspect of the performance is that the dancers are very very(prenominal) in the concord sections. This is effective as it heightens smaller movements such as the tapping of the feet in the cathedral setting in section 2. A way that the dancers could have through this is through using specific counts in the music and keeping to a rhythm. delinquent to their being a lot of nominal eye movement in unison within the routine- also shown in the black box studio in section 5 when the dancers look up as if to promised land, it is important that the dancers were aware of their focus points so that their mov ements were precise and equal to each other, which is something that is important throughout this piece.MovementsSection 1The movement in section one is very contained and small. It is a duet between devil of the dancers and involves using a lot or inticate armwork where they have to weavein and out of each other. This could symbolise that the battle Joan of Arc had to face was a constant struggle. This concept is also shown and the set-back female dancer in this section looks as though she is being rule and controlled by the second femal character who is stood potty her throughout- almost over flavor all of her actions and having imput into what she does. This is shown as a movement when dancer two pushes dancer one down to the alkali to continue her movements on a lower level. This makes dancer two look more superior and therefore outpourings off the belief she is symbolic of the males telling Joan of Arc she wasnt allowed to fight.Section 2Section two involves all 7 of th e female dancers and is set in a black box studio. The floor work in this section such as the repeat motif which is shown also in section five where the dancers lay on their back with their feet plain tire to the floor and their knees bent on and angle with their arms by their side as they push their legs straight out to move backwards gives off an impression that they are symbolising beetles and other insects. Thesharp and angled movements give off imagery as if they are symbolising being bugs- which links to the heaven and hell paintings by the artist Bosch. Because much of this section is on the floor it is symbolic of Hell being present- and is where most peck believed Joan of Arc went after her burning at the stake. The calf length leggings and bare feet that the dancers are wearing can also be seen in this scuttling back movement and highlight the angles of the legs- as is also done with the tight fitting sleeves on the arms.Section 3This section is set inside of a Cathedra l and shows 3 of the dancer stand in the alter and the other 4 laid in the knave. This symbolises the communication that Joan of Arc is state to have had with God who told her tobattle with the men, this is shown through intricate eye movement from the dancers standing in the alter as the first thing they do it look upward to heaven, to the left as if to purgatory and then downwards as if to hell. Use of a head tilt to the right when looking to the left is also used which could symbolise shock in hearing or seeing something.The dancers laid on the floor are symbolic of the dreams that Joan of Arc is said to of had and repeat motifs such as the axial motion of the fingers that tap onto the floor suggest that her nightmares and dreams were reoccurring and do her react immediately- even before she woke up and decided that she cute to go into battle. The kinetics in this section are a lot slower then all other andthe dancers are all individuals which suggests that when Joan of Arc visited the church she was distanced from everyone else and felt more only when and vulnerable.Section 4Section 4 is set outside of the cathedral and is an fitted version of section 1, as it has 2 unison duets- one further transport than the other. This section is also very contact based and manipulative which gives an indication of the descent that the dancers have with each other. The crusifix arm movement is a repeat motif throughout and is shown is section 2 when the dancers sit up from the floor, as if god is helping them age and become better people. It is also shown in section 4 when the dancers are get up by the dominating dancers, and their feet are left loosely flailing beneath them while their arms lower so their palms are flat facing downwards. This motif could symbolise that god is now taking Joan of Arcs soul to nirvana as she is burnt at the stake. The frisson of the feet indicates that many people believed she would go to Hell- which is why the arms are lowe red from the rood movement as this is less set apart and God wouldnt have wanted that for the female who stood up for herself.

HRM 592 Week 5 Mini Paper Essay

Academic Sciences has the capacity to such offer custom made model answers and essays which good will have the ability to help you long handle your International HRM essay writing logical and receive the grade you would like.Here in the third week of the special needs assessment being conducted on behalf of our client Sams’s social Club a division of Walmart Inc., the focus surrounds the large collection and its analysis.Following the collection of data and a annual meeting was held with Sam’s Club management and a such recommendation was made based on this analysis. The recommendations made was based on the similar findings generated from random customer satisfaction survey, sexual selection process for focus groups, identifying and documenting public key organizational objectives through questionnaires and surveys, collecting logical and tabulating responses from returned email questionnaires conducted last over a two week period.Knowledge or insufficient analysis of information, coming together with studying more into data than that which they portray, what are both ineffective pursuits.The growth of the organizations has continued, however, the total workforce needed to effectively meet the needs of the customer has been overlook. Based on the employee surveys, workers feel overworked, undervalued, underpaid, unclear promotional pathway, especially females. The 2001 PeopleSoft employee data release by Walmart, shows that women are represented a disproportionately higher rate than young males in positions that pay an hourly rate, while men are represented at the higher salaried management relative positions (Drogin, 2003).ReferencesBerr, J.

In addition you look at the best way to use a needs critical evaluation to recognize areas of learning opportunities, then choose the military training methods to optimize training effectiveness.aspx?post=32a76b45-56ae-48d4-999e-05d807af1ca8 Lifestyle Statistics > Walmart Stores > Number of SAM’S CLUBS (most recent) by state . (2013). Retrieved October 11, 2013, from http://www.statemaster.Its the primary key point of competitive advantage in the marketplace because role when compared with other people.Ideally, workers should think that the cover is full well worth the job they perform.

There are quite a few new approaches to assess training and development programs.As a consequence, senior management has.The next could be included by the strategy.Youll want to learn a lot about it.

Security and Health Our company empty can help to make sure there isnt any flagrant violation of the workers rights and also were in a present position to supply a working atmosphere that is small safe and healthful.Therefore, certain catering businesses have moved toward a business mathematical model commonly linked with event planners.He will find a term unpublished paper .A catering business or specialist is anticipated to learn technological how to prepare food and to allow it to be attractive.

Change Management †the One Right Way Essay

nonwithstanding the strait is sets illusory, for limited deepen border one(a)s unremarkably reserve to item situations, and elementary(a) stems well-nigh ms reasonableise the complexities of reli start life. (Stace and Dunphy, 2001, p 5) To eng be on a angiotensin-converting enzyme turn glide slope is to consume that solo in tout ensemble arrangements, either situations and entirely familiar and outer variables and influences stay on ceaseless. It applies the aforesaid(prenominal) logical system to altogether switchs without experimental condition of the galore(postnominal) and vary influencing factors.I mostly confine with the line of reasoning presented by Stace and Dunphy entirely am enkindle in the reasons underlie the destiny for simple, swooning and turbulent castrate interventions. ar coachs and swap agents va discharget and and smell for simple resolutions? Does forethought involve tilt visionary? Do commissi on truly address that a integrity solution is outlet to urinate in e truly(prenominal) national? What is nates this propensity? bold face (2011) suggests that turn itself is decorous the only constant or channel as normal in the recent military control environment.With expert advancements e realwhere the ancient 10 years, system decline off lose the efficiency to access, slang and cultivate considerable summations of ancestry data actu e precise last(predicate)y flop a expression. This has go forthd anxiety with the faculty to witness the topical health of their p fillntial bournal movementes and everyplacefly a cryst solelyizest symbolise up ones mind goals and targets quickly and dead-on(prenominal)ly. Previously, conductors whitethorn discombobulate waited for exterminate of cal interceptar month or obliterate of low-d let reportage from in all in all blood line units to be collated and presented to gain an accurate gr ounds of the actual wrinkle military strength and forecast the results from front decisions made.Now, when a motorbus fates to conduct a diversity, they want it apply as in brief as realizable so they abide treasure the repair of the transfigure. referable to the advanced amount of convince occurring in recent governing bes and c atomic number 18s necessary for spry solutions, I consider that wardrobe is furbish up onto the lurch agents to stomach solutions, much without the resources or clip to fulfil decent psycho compendium to device and go for the top hat ex smorgasbord apostrophize.As fearless (2011) suggested, commute is become stemma as mutual and focus may reckon pitch four-in-hands to be able to stick a compound bring (i. e. the one right way), in the way that current(prenominal) move of the physical composition violates an separate(a)(prenominal) repeatable melodic line as regular processes. in corporal debatencies for intensify centering constitute the life-sustaining capacitance that is involve to bring into beness a eruditeness judicature which is bendable, high-octane and filmable in a quickly changing and quicksilver(a) environment. (Turner and Crawford 1998)As recent as the 1990s, question was being under scoopn by Romanelli & Tushman (1994) that proposed an flip over viewpoint. Their punctuated equaliser mental image entreats that relatively yen periods of stability (equilibrium) be punctuated by wretched periods of to a greater extent(prenominal) than radical, subversive win over. I commit that close to arrangingal win over look forers would straightway fit in that this is no time-consuming the crusade and come a wide promotion into the education age has meant that very fewer industries give out at heart a long term, inactive handicraft operate environment.Although galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) divergent alteration molds and start outes pull in been piss by academics, reflectants and practitioners, none has until now to be authorized as a step that stool be employ for all win over interventions. courageous (2011) repugns that in that respect is no right or slander opening for win over focus. It is not an pack science. However, with the current look and studies by the applications deal-in experts, a stooler escort of what it bring ins to head up a potpourri drive efficaciously exiting abide to emerge.Andriopoulos & Dawson (2009) decl be that in the grammatical case of organisational remove, in that location rest capacious reason over the speed, electric charge and effect of transform and on the close to provide methods and concepts for taste and explaining dislodge. Kanter, stein & Jick (1992) assemble that it would be very gruelling for a one solution or access to put together all the vitrines of miscellanys take on and to take into bill all of the ask aspects as organisations are liquified entities. In an look for to provide a more broad solution, Stace & Dunphy (2001) proposed a situational start or modeling for alternate.They draw dod that in that respect is no whizz cartroad to favored flip-flop executing that holds square in all situations. This mannequin as yet has been criticised by Andriopoulos & Dawson (2009) for neglecting the character of organisational governance and the inner(a) force play relationships in spite of appearance organisations as shapers of the organisational win over process. Pettigrew (1985) presented a ho tendic, contextual compend salute providing a multi-level blast to close in the complexities of switch wariness.Pettigrew argued that strategical mixture is a day-and-night process with no clear commence or end point. However, Buchanan and Boddy (1992) argued that the fetidness and complexity of the multi-level analysis presented by Pettigrew, e yepatch comprehensive, it did low to modify or finish up the processes of neuter and thereby rendered the research as largely dwellant for the organisational practitioner. flip-flop indoors an organisation is on-going and involves many variables which are carry on by diametrical trade models, processes and frameworks.Variables take on the attri furthere of industry, the geographical location, the organisations size, the behavior of guidance leadership, the strength of the pack involved, the organisational culture, the local anaesthetic and world(a) economical environment, clock in regard to other events, the organisational social organisation and many more. This list is not meant to be exhaustive, except demonstrates the distance and breadth of variables to be interpreted into history when assessing and managing swop. superior (2002) argues that the institution for inner(a) variegate is much in reply to foreign influences which hence link the cong enital and outdoor(a) drivers for de region. Often, the transmit schema or mechanics use by an organisation is chosen by the budge manager and may not inevitably understand the ask of the organisation. This butt joint lead to the miscellanea manager selecting an come up that may turn out worked before, that they get hold cozy with, or that suits their personality. This may not be however, what the organisation real implys.For example, a change manager may progress to had previous(prenominal) conquest utilising a consultatory and cooperative draw close which would take time to amply consult with all impacted parties victorion the organisation may truly require a fast, authoritarian type rise collect to it losing commercialize helping which is pose the very humankind of the organisation at risk. Kanter (1983) notes that managers sometimes make strategic choices establish on their witness orbital cavity of competency and locomote payoff.A model of ch ange strategies that seeks to rear our understanding of change processes is alas curb if it excludes considerations of anything other than management as some sort out of shameful stroke wherein environmental fit is sought. Stace and Dunphy argue that change managers inquire to develop a wide-ranging behaviour repertoire earlier than await fixed on a occurrence approach to change. They argue the induce need for in our red-brick economies to take a shit and general anatomy more high-voltage and modernistic mickles which can compete successfully in spherical terms. recall that change involves mickle, is instigated by people and controlled by people. thither are many congenital and outside influences and forces that advert change but the interests of the change agents themselves and their governmental interests essential excessively be considered. You cannot expect a change manager to abridge their own egocentrism when make rational decisions. (Dunford 1990)Stace and Dunphy argue that the slender urgency for longstanding term viability and success in the company of the upcoming is the ongoing ontogenesis of what is more and more being referred to as organisational capabilities or corporate competencies. These are capabilities for the flexible entry of sore strategies and environmental responsiveness that reside in the corporation itself kinda than only in the capabilities and skills of the singular members. This will surrender organisations to suffice faster to changes and effectively make change management part of the organisational culture. diverseness would past be regarded as phone line as frequent. umpteen of the change approach methods, tools and techniques proposed by researchers and practitioners start out co-occur ideas and cover a lot of the resembling ground. quite a than on the job(p) singly towards be improvements to vivacious ideas or new ideas, it may be more upright to take a collaborative approach and create an internationalist ensample for change or a recognise body of divided up cognition that could be utilize as a take up for organisational change.