Response Speech of Sotomayors 2012 NYU Commencement Essay Example for Free

Response Speech of Soto mayors 2012 NYU Commencement EssayThis language was not awesome, but more than that. Her pertinacious and benevolent appearance was enough to attract the audiences attention. She made jokes to make the audience comfortable and to keep the speech accessible and fresh. Also, she used dissimilar anecdotes from her life that both those in the stadium and I could empathize with. Her speech at the commencement ceremony at NYU struck a chord with me. more than especially, there was a hopeful message to the young people starting fresh in life. First, she had the ability to convert her weak points into strengths. Her life story is literally a dream come true.She was born and raised in the Bronx, New York which is not the greatest place to live. Yet, she grew up and graduated from a honored university. Moreover, she became the first Hispanic justice of the Supreme Court and the third-ever woman to hold the post. She is a person of great wisdom, because she embr aced her identity as a Hispanic woman, in order to make her dreams a reality. Furthermore, her life story shows that anyone can succeed whatever the obstacles or barriers. As we already know, she grew up in a earth housing project in the Bronx and never imagined that she would stand on that podium.However, she finally became a supreme justice after going through so many an(prenominal) repugns. There might have been enormous trials and tribulations, but it is obvious evident from her example that we can achieve our dreams despite the challenge we face, if we do exert ourselves enough. Last, the fin essential emotions that she had referred to are a further guideline for us. In fact, the current tendency in Korea is to be stable rather than to challenge. People think that it may take too much time to reach their dream, so they choose a job that they can do comfortably, rather than what they really want.However, her speech showed me that I should choose what I truly want to do, and I can do that if I embrace her five emotions necessary for a successful life Her speech made me have second thoughts about and reconsider everything about myself, such as my attitudes or my life. Everyone has disadvantages and hardships, but the matter is whether we overcome those things or not. I suppose that we all have the ability to do that. So, now I echo her word, dream big, achieve much and keep asking are you ready to challenge and enjoy the engagement of your own life?

Physical education Essay Example for Free

Physical schooling EssayIntroduction Recent educational changes thrust spurred the indispensableness for perspicacity deep down the Physical Education field. Although it has always been shargon of the educational activityal functioning Plan, T separately, Evaluate -it has not received the attention of m some(prenominal) sensible educators until recently. In the past it was not necessary to usance judicial decision techniques for several reasons. Educators were not required to provide information on school-age child surgical process to any cardinal. Both practicality of routineful instruments and time compulsory to complete such judgments appe ard to take away from the more relevant parts of statement. In addition, professionals in the physical education field were not required to call for defined teaching outcomes for their educatees. Today, with the increased emphasis on accountability, physical education teachers in New Hampshire must(prenominal) rethink the p lace of judging within their computer programs. The impudently revised NH STANDARDS for Public School Approval (Ed 306 effective 7/1/2005) addresses assessment in physical education as part of section 306. 41. It states In the bea of physical education, the local school board shall require that each school physical education providesSound assessment practices in physical education that 1. Match goals and objectives 2. Require evaluation and synthesis of knowledge and dexteritys 3. Emphasize higher- rank thinking skills 4. Clearly indicate what the scholar is asked to do 5. atomic number 18 at an appropriate skill direct according to a. State standard and b. The needs of the individual 6. Have criteria that argon clear to disciples and teachers 7. Are engaging and relevant to students 8. Link to ongoing instruction 9. Provide feedback to students 10. Provide cost-effective benefits to students 11.Reflect real- orbit situations and 12. Emphasize use of available knowled ge and skills in relevant problem contexts. In addition, assessment plays a mark role in Follow the Child, a recently established New Hampshire Department of Education initiative, under the leadership of Commissioner Lyonel B. Tracy. This initiative, offered to New Hampshire schools and districts, helps schools foster student aspirations to further student success through an emphasis on personalized nurture and assessment and focuses on measuring student growth through all areas of each childs life. To drive aFollow the Child designated district, the school administrative unit (SAU) must show a commitment to several beliefs including the use of continuous assessment strategies. Therefore, it is imperative that physical education teachers are knowledgeable virtually assessment and utilize sound practices. 6 What is Assessment? Assessment refers to the process of testing and evaluating students to determine progress towards program goals. It is an chassisic part of any sound ph ysical education program because it helps teachers to measure students current levels of ability, progress, and their own teachingeffectiveness.A quality assessment model in physical education involves 1. formally stating the instructional objectives (cognitive, psychomotor, affective) 2. pre-assessing the students 3. measuring the achievement of objectives utilize legitimate and reliable tests during and after(prenominal) the delivery of appropriate instructional activities 4. evaluating student progress towards get together the objectives 7 What are the Principles that Guide Assessment? A quality assessment model is ground on three principles 1. Establish appropriate instructional objectives using national, state, and local standards or reaplines.2. Select/use appropriate measures to determine student progress towards meeting instructional objectives. Assessment throne take many forms. Both formal and promiscuous tools butt joint be apply. (See What are the Approaches to Assessment? ) 3. Develop an evaluation schema that smooths the attainment of instructional objectives. While grading is part of the evaluation scheme, it should not be the only outcome. (See What is the Relationship betwixt Assessment and Grading? )8 What Do the Components of an Effective Assessment Measure? For an assessment measure to be effective, it needs to embarrass 1.validity Does it measure what it claims to measure? There needs to be agreement between what the assessment measures and the functioning, skill, or behavior the assessment is intentional to measure.For example, if a test is designed to measure cardiovascular closedownurance, one must be confident it does so. It is important to remember that validity is specific to a particular use and group. An assessment might be valid for one age group, but not valid for a different age group. 2. reliability Does it measure consistently?A reliable assessment should obtain approximately the same results regardless of t he numberof times it is contactn. For example, an assessment given to a group of students on one day should yield approximately the same results if it is given to the same group on some other day. 3. objectivity Does the measurement yield highly similar results when performed by others? For example, an assessment has high objectivity when two or more people can administer the same assessment to the same group and obtain approximately the same results.4. feasibility Is the measure straightforward and easy to set up and administer? The pursual administrative considerations whitethorn help one determine the feasibility of anassessment. a) Cost does the assessment require expensive equipment that one does not have or cannot contribute to purchase? b) Time does the assessment take too much instructional time? c) Ease of administration Does one need assistance to administer the assessment? If so, how will these people be trained? Are the instructions easy to follow? Is the assessm ent reasonable in the demands that are placed on those beingness assessed?d) Scoring If another person is needed to help administer the assessment, will it affect the objectivity of the scoring? (For example A person is needed to legal transfer the ball tothe hitter in a softball hitting assessment. ) 5. usefulness flock the results be use for valid educational purposes such as self-appraisal, program programning, or reporting progress? For example A worksheet is given to a student so one can demonstrate knowledge of skills/games.The results could provide to the student an idea of how much is known about skills/games (self-appraisal), to determine where in the lesson this information should be covered (program planning), and/or as part of calculating students grades (reporting progress). 9 What Are the Purposes of Assessment?1. Student Learning Assessment is a way for educators to measure progress, strengths, and areas of growth. Many teachers assess their students using a pre- test, mid-term, and post- test to gauge student training. This may take place throughout a unit or the entire school year. 2. Improvement of Teaching Teachers use assessment to determine what is effective in their teaching practices what is working and what needs rectifyment. A variety of assessment tools may be utilize in order to determine what types of instruction are close to beneficial in meeting the needs of students. 3.Communication Assessment should serve as a means of communication between educators, students, administrators, and parents. Parents and students much look at assessment to see WHAT is being learned, HOW progress is being measured, and the TYPE of instruction being received. Educators and administrators use assessment to evaluate teaching practices and to determine if there are gaps in the curriculum. 4. Program Evaluation Assessment can prove a good measure of ones program, revealing evidence of the effectiveness of that program, throughout the year, asse ssment can offerdirection to the program and modifications can be made to increase two student and instructional success.5. Program Support undifferentiated assessment can be employ to validate ones program. Data gained is objective and can show evidence of goals and objectives being met by twain student and teacher. With clear data presented, a strong measure of program support may follow. 6. Motivation Assessment shows progress. When improvement is shown, students feel Positive about their learning environment. Documented assessment can offer proof of growth, thus enhancing students motivation to perform to the best of their ability.10 What Should be Assessed? The Three Domains of Learning stamp out-to-end a childs development there are three domains of learning that exist in order to educate the whole child. Psychomotor, cognitive, and the affective domains give meaning to learning. These are essential in allowing a child to explore the learning environment and obtain as mu ch information about the world as possible. The three Domains are 1. Psychomotor- The performance component exploring ones environment and gaining skills throughout the process. 2. Cognitive-The knowledge component thinking, associating experiences with learning. 3.Affective-Personal and social development. Providing children with opportunities to interact with others in order to gain a sense of themselves and those around them. Incorporation of the 3 Domains in Physical Education According to David Gallahue, in physical education the three domains are interwoven to give meaning to movement. When children understand WHY their body functions the way it does (cognitive), they can begin to attain skill competency (psychomotor) and associate positive feelings with physical activity (affective). a. Psychomotor domain -the heart of physical education is developing competent motor skill abilities.b. Cognitive domain- an understanding of movement concepts and principles that allow children to become more efficient movers and learners through movement. c. Affective domain development of acceptable social and personal behaviors in physical activity settings that allow for a generative learning environment with students working responsibly both(prenominal) individually and as members of a group. Assessment of the Three Domains in Physical Education When assessing the psychomotor domain, one is measuring the development of motor skills and health related fitness.For example, at the primary level, students demonstrate skipping byperforming the skill using the step, hop pattern or at the intermediate level, students participate in the FitnessGram assessment program. When assessing the cognitive domain, one is measuring student knowledge of movement concepts, principles, strategies and tactics.For example, at the middle school level students articulate the skill pattern of the underhand throw (ready, swing back, step, follow through) or describe a strategy used to defend filth during an activity. 11 When assessing the affective domain, one is measuring the development of acceptable social and personal behaviors in physical activity settings.For example, at the high school level, students binge out a self reflection about their performance, complete a peer evaluation or identify, follow and, when appropriate, create safety guidelines for participation in physical activity settings. 12 What Are the Approaches to Assessments? What is Formal and Informal Assessment? Teachers can collect information using either formal or informal evaluation. Formal assessment is usually standardized.This standardization allows the teacher to interpret student performance and provides an objective way to assess learning. Informal assessment, sometimes termed alternative/ veritable(a) assessment, a great deal relies on observation techniques. What is Traditional Assessment? The term traditional assessment is used to describe the means of gathering information on student learning through techniques such as multiple-choice, fill-in-the- coffer, and matching questions, as healthful as essays.These approaches are particularly useful in assessing students knowledge of information, concepts, and rules. They are overly appropriate for assessing students knowledge of the terms and processes compound in a career. Because factual knowledge of information is one important aspect of applied techno entery, carefullydesigned multiple-choice and matching questions can enable the teacher to quickly assess student mastery of content knowledge. However, an effective assessment evaluates knowledge of facts as well as the connection to a broader body of knowledge.Proficiency in applied technology depends on the ability to know and integrate facts about all aspects of assiduity into useful constructs. What is Alternative Assessment? Teachers from all academic fields are now being held accountable for the performance of their students. This level of accountability requires teachers to document student learning. In addition totraditional assessment, more physical education teachers are incorpo rank real-life learning in their classes. These alternative or authentic assessments focus on the use of what is learned in real- life settings.Alternative assessment techniques can be applicable to using assessment as a learning experience that is part of the instructional process rather than something that is done to students (Rink, 2006). Alternative assessment takes time. The teacher must balance the need for reliable and valid information against the practical issues involved in limited program time and too many students.Yet these assessments are gaining in popularity because they tend to focus on more meaningful real-life learning. reliable assessment focuses on the use of what is learned in real-life settings. Alternative assessments techniques can be used for all of the learning domains and are most applicable to using assessment as a learning experience that is part of the instructional process. Most alternative assessment relies heavily on the assessor making a judgment about some performance. This performance could be about a physical skill or ability, an affective or cognitive behavior. 13What are the Different Types of Assessment that are workoutd in Physical Education? Many types of assessments can be used by educators to collect information and provide students with a variety of learning experiences. The following are a few types of assessments used in physical education. After each type, the approach (formal or informal) is famed in italics. . Observation is one of the most vernacular forms of assessment used in physical education. Observational data is a useful form of assessment for the teacher to assess student performance. It is also one of the most useful self and peer assessment activities.When the students are provided a set of criteria to assess their performance or the performance of others, they are l earning what is important in what you are trying to teach them and learn to focus their efforts on improvement. (Rink, 2006). An example of each assessment noted below has been placed in Appendix I. Checklist associate with observation data used to identify a particular behavior or symptomatic of performance with established criteria. Informal Performance task are meaningful culminating experiences that can be accomplished within a single instructional period.Examples would take a dance routine, warm-up routine, locomotor skill sequences, skit, role playing, and oral report. Informal Rating scale associated with observation data determines degree Informal indicate of performance Snapshot of performance from daily tasks (i. e. win/loss, fitness scores, skill assessments) Formal Rubric used to assess complex behavior a three-dimensional rating scale.Formal Student interview, survey and questionnaire used to gather information on student thinking and feeling. Informal Studen t journal are often used as a notebook where students are asked to reflect on theirperformance/ express their feelings, perceptions and attitudes about their experiences in physical education. Informal Student logEstablish a record of participation or some other behavior or characteristic over time. Formal Student project designed as a learning and assessment experience. Students are asked to investigate, design/construct, and present their work in some form. Formal Written test/worksheet Is the most common form of assessment in all content areas. It is considered the best way for teachers to determine student knowledge. Formal A portfolio has not been listed above as a type of student assessment.Although it may mean many things to some, within this document a portfolio is considered a representative collection of learning over time. It should demonstrate progress and learning. Students today are part of a highly technological world. Therefore, assessments might include audio-vis uals (posters, white boards, easels) and computer-assisted techniques (i. e. mind mapping, imovies, powerpoint, movement skill videos). These knowledge or performance assessments can be compiled in an electronic portfolio that would demonstrate learning over time. 14 Types of Student Assessment Used in Physical Education.There are many types of assessments that can be used by teachers to collect information. The type of assessment chosen needs to match the student learning goals. The chart on the following page is an attempt to provide several examples of both traditional and alternative assessments. The format was modified from the following resource Hopple, C. J. (1995). Teaching for outcomes in uncomplicated physical education. Champaign, IL Human Kinetic 15 TYPES of STUDENT ASSESSMENT Traditional Approaches Alternative Approaches Teacher Generated Student Products Written Tests/Worksheets Selected Response.Formats Limited propagate-ended Formats phone/visual Written Performanc e Tasks Responses selected from given alternatives Brief, written response constructed Generated for exhibition/display Written response generated Physical or cognitive behaviors Multiple-choice Open response Banner Essay, story, poem Skit / role playing True false Short answer Photo exhibit Research musical composition Officiate a game Matching /association Label diagram Artwork black white Anecdotal Fitness assessment Corrective true false Fill-in-the- blank Videotape Student journal Debate Concept maps Personal fitness plan Oral report.Poster Student log Instruct a lesson Powerpoint advertising Interview imovie Brochure Showcase Audiotape Checklist Movement sequence dance, gymnastics, locomotor, etc. Rating Scale Warm-up routine Rubric teacher, peer, self Game play cast of athlete (clay, styrofoam) Record of performance Newspaper Magazine construction Reflection Student project Pre-assessment inventory Student survey, interview, questionnaire Editorial 16 Who Should Asse ss and Who Can Assess? There are a number of potential ways to assess within physical education. In order for assessment to be successful, it must be practical.The following will identify some ideas and suggestions that can make assessment feasible, useful, and meaningful for both the learner and teacher. Assessment can be absolute by the teacher, student, or peer. The more traditional model where the teacher is assessing is often not feasible from a practical perspective. However, if one of the teachers objectives is to plan and provide opportunities that result in student responsibility, then it appears logical to involve students in the assessment process whenever appropriate.Self Assessment Self assessment can be used throughout the instructional process. This providesboth a quick and practical way for the teacher to collect information. Student progress can be recorded using one or more of the following tools student journal, notebook, index cards that are completed and subm itted to the teacher. Teacher Assessment Simple checklists, rating scales, and/or rubrics can be used by teacher to assess student performance.In addition, the use of technology in the classroom or gym can be used to assess student performance and student behavior. The videotape, CD and DVD can be viewed at a later time. match Assessment With clear directions from the teacher, peers can collect information that canindicate student progress.Again, checklists, rating scales, or rubrics can provide criteria for making judgments. Peer assessment requires students to focus on the criteria, allowing them to develop observation skills. For peer assessment to be effective, the teacher needs to teach the observational process. 17 When Should Assessment Occur? ssessment should fade on a continuous founding throughout the year. Assessment used prior to instruction (pre-assessment) could provide information about the students and help establish learning objectives. Assessment used during in struction can provide feedback to both the teacherand students. Finally, assessment at the end of instruction (post assessment) can determine if learning objectives were met and/or if changes or more work in a particular area is warranted.1. Formative versus Summative a. Formative Assessment is done continuously throughout the learning and instruction period. This type of assessment provides feedback that can be used to alter, fine-tune, or modify what has been done. Both teacher and student can use the information gained to improve either teaching practices or learning methods. Traditionally, this is not graded but used as a diagnostic tool.b. Summative Assessment occurs at the end of the learning unit. The purpose of summative assessment is to measure how well students have learned key content and skills as defined by the units learning goals and objectives (http//www. state. ct. us/sde/dtl/ta/seminarseries/online_seminars/phys_ed/4. htm) 2. Pre-Assessment versus Post Assessment a . Pre-assessment tools are used at the startle of instruction. Results from pre- assessment are used as a basis for setting reasonable and attainable goals. This allows teachers and students to identify and work on areas that need improvement.b Post assessment tools are used at the end of the learning unit to evaluate student progress and achievement. The post assessment results can be compared to the pre assessment results to measure how well individual students have mastered content and skills and to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. c. Some of the assessment tools may be used for both pre-assessment and post assessment. For example, the Fitnessgram can be administered in the fall (as a pre-assessment) to help establish health-related fitness goals. Then it could be given again in the spring (as a post assessment) to measure process toward established goals.18 Where Should maven Begin? Using performance tasks for assessment A performance task is a type of performance as sessment in which students physically perform the skill or desired product to be assessed. If one chooses to use performance tasks for assessment the following suggestions should be kept in mind 1. Choose a task that fits the level and is realistic for both teacher and students. 2. To begin, only assess 1-2 specific classes until becoming familiar with the process. 3. Find performance tasks that can be used to assess outcomes from more than one unit. 4. Use performance tasks for formal and informal assessment. 5.Use assessment stations, when possible. That way one can focus attention on fewer students at a time. 6. Record the names of students who do not perform the task (usually there are fewer). 7. When planning units, specifically plan for assessment time. Do not wait until the last minute to think about assessment. Using portfolio tasks for assessment Portfolios provide teachers with an authentic form of assessment. They can be used by teachers and students to see progress over time. Physical education teachers need to adapt the use of portfolio tasks to their unique classroom setting. Useful strategies to do this include 1.Portfolios need to last over time. Therefore, they need to be sturdy enough to handle a variety of paper. Students can personalize them, if desired. Make sure their names (last name, prototypal name) are written in a common, visible place on the portfolio. 2. Decide what should go into the portfolio. This could be a combination of in- class and out-f-class work. Examples might include fitness scores, skill checklists, journal logs, fitness logs, reflections, and worksheets. 3. Store the portfolios by class in a crate or box with handles. Store them in an fond place. 4. Develop a communications protocol for students to use when submitting work.5. Make sure to plan time to review the work in the portfolios. 6. Begin using portfolios with 1-2 classes. In the beginning portfolio tasks may not be necessary for every unit. 19 How Do I Mana ge This Thing Called Assessment? Management is crucial in implementing any assessment strategy. Establishing assessment protocols will save teachers time and effort. The first step in effective management of assessment is to develop, teach, support students in practicing assessment protocols.Scheimer (1999) state that assessment protocols provide students with an organized method for obtaining the assessment materials (i. e., paper, pencil, or portfolio), selecting a private area in the gym to complete the assessment, and collecting the materials at the end of the assessment episode. Examples of assessment protocols include 1. distributing assessment materials 2. collecting assessments 3. ensuring names and dates on papers 4. arranging assessment materials (when teaching back to back classes)5. dealing with depleted assessment materials 6. accommodating nonreaders and/or non-English speaking students 7. accommodating students with special needs The following are suggestions for as sessment protocols that have been used by effective teachers,both within the context of physical education and regular classroom teachers. Each protocol can have its drawbacks experimentation may lead to perfection. Each protocol may need to be modified depending upon the number of students, age/grade of students and use of student aides.Distributing Assessment Materials The key to this assessment protocol is getting the students involved. A class can be divided into smaller groups (no more than 8 students per group). Each group then has a specific equipment area where the necessary assessment materials (as well as the equipment needed for that lesson) are located.Before class begins, the teacher places the necessary assessment materials (and/or equipment) in each equipment area. When it is time to work with the assessment materials (and/or equipment), students go to their groups equipment area, select the materials (and/or equipment) needed, and return to their designated work spa ce. Collecting Assessments The teacher uses a moveable filing cabinet containing folders with determine markings as tabs.These 25 x 15 systems hold approximately 300 folders, depending on the amount of information collected. It is the students responsibility to submit or remove papers from the class or personalstudent folder as requested by the teacher. Within each personal folder, files can be categorized by color paper inserts. 20 Ensuring Names and Dates on Papers To keep accurate track of submitted papers, have students write their name or school code, date, and class on each paper.The teacher can fill in the information for students who are absent as this will help keep track of students who have not completed assessments. Arranging Assessment Materials When Teaching Back to Back Classes One of the easiest ways to organize materials is to color code them. Use different change foldersfor each class/grade level. Place the assessment worksheets and/or record keeping sheets to be used for that class/grade in each folder. Teachers can help students learn to find the correct folder for their class and take the materials from it. Dealing with Insufficient Assessment Materials Due to the tightness of school budgets, money is often focused on equipment and curriculum rather than materials needed for assessment. However, there are ways to deal with this situation if a teacher is inventive and frugal. Paper Use recycled paper (one side) and cutting the paper in half or quarters (elementary).Provide a notebook or white lined paper specifically for physical education (secondary). Use chalk boards/ dry erase boards with the teacher making notations on a separate sheet. Writing utensils Often times at the end of the year, teachers give away crayons that are no longer part of a complete set. Check with the custodians who frequently have collected a pail of pencils and pens as they clean the buildings after school. Upper level students may be asked to provide their own pencils or if stations are used, students can share piece implements. In addition, do not be afraid to ask business or community groups for help.Getting two or three boxes of pencils and a ream of paper may be sufficient to use for assessment annually. Accommodating Nonreader and/or Non-English Speaking Students The ideal would be to have a tutor and/or translator in the gymnasium, however, not all schools budget for this. However, since visual models are a key component in helping these students, the following could be used A. large pictures posted on the walls B. large words with phonetic break downs C. the English alphabet posted on the walls D. flash cards E. teacher/student mirroring F. peer mirroring 21 Accommodating Students with Special Needs.Each students Individualized Education Plan (IEP) should be reviewed for necessary accommodations. When a paraprofessional is available, he/she should guide students using a variety of specific modifications as specified in the IEP to access the curriculum and assist in assessment. Consultation with the physical education teacher is critical in this process. When a paraprofessional is not available, the physical educator should utilize the identified modifications as outlined in each students IEP for both program development and student assessment.These may include the use of adaptive equipment and/or peer partners for guidance toassist the student. 22 What is Grading? Grading reports a students level of performance and usually includes many assessment measures. Grades are useful for evaluating individual student performance. Grading can be used to motivate students and help them understand that learning is important. Grades provide students and parents with feedback regarding progress and achievement. In addition, grades may provide insight for teachers about instructional planning and for administrative purposes. Grades are needed for student rank, credits, and promotion. 23 What is the Relationship between As sessment and Grading?Assessment is information gathered that examines what has been taught, practiced and learned. Many different assessment techniques may be used to evaluate students progress. Grading is a report on students level of performance. Goals and objectives should be set prior to assessment used for grading. The students grade should reflect a level of achievement compared to the objectives. Assessment reflects performance grading attaches value to performance. 24 New Hampshire Curriculum Guidelines/Objectives Alignment with Assessment Examples . Curriculum Guideline 1 Engages in a physically active lifestyle Since Guideline 1.

The global economy where aviation industry was severely hit

The global economy where line industry was severely hitThe stratum 2007 saw a downturn in the global economy where aviation industry was severely hit by fall in air traffic. While airlines were struggling with declining profits, the complicacy of the operations in the aviation continued to bother airlines end-to-end the world with chinaware pacific being no exception. The crisis challenged the economic business model of Cathay pacific which was ranked as the beaver airline of year in 2006. Robert Taylor was dealing with inventory operations and following argon the issues that have to be taken into accountInventory holding equal Minimizing the holding cost was one of the most critical issues faced by the Cathay peace-loving. Because of the convoluted nature of unsheathed split, it was not feasible to meet the demands of all the aircrafts. Given the occurrence that Cathay pacific has over 120 wide body jets1comprising of airbus and Boeing planes, it was very difficult to ful fill the requirements of all the aircraft at the right cadence. As a offspring the airlines could lose its significant business and in order to avoid those situations, Robert can work on the agely routine checks of the aircrafts. This go forth en satis detailory the firm to arrest up with a more detailed data on requirement of the spare parts (repairable, rotable etc.)Buffer stock Just in time initially the airlines incorporated the buffer stock management to meet the demand in the optimal time. But they still encountered several situations where a certain part was not available. It accounted for additional cost for Cathay pacific to set the buffer stock and also the spare parts in the distribution center was occupying a hole of space. Later the firm also tried to implement the Japanese model called just in time which works well in sectors like sell and manufacturing. But the airline industry is all together a different scenario where an airline cant afford to wait for the s pare part during the go minute check when the flight is scheduled to depart. This will eventually cause the further delay of flight and degrade the passengers experience of flying with an airline.Reduce ensue time The rationalization of supply drawstring in the airline industry allowed the OEMs to monopolize the entire market. Irrespective of the demands, it is very difficult for the airlines to reduce their supplier run for time. Any reduction in lead time like suppliers or the transportation can uphold an airline to fix the problem in the stipulated time frame. Decreasing lead time of different supply chain fortunes can increase supply reliability and wait on the firm to work in an efficient manner.On the other hand there are certain issues that have to be taken into account for the procurement (Paul Barwell)Switching costs The spare parts can be classified in two criteria i.e. critical and non-critical parts. The complicity of the critical parts restricted Cathay pacific t o switch suppliers because of the costs associated with switching. Also relying on the new supplier for the complicated parts was very difficult for Cathay pacific. On the other hand it had over 200 suppliers for the non-critical parts which required oftentimes of resources (time and money) to maintain the relationship.Forecasting Although Cathay pacific collaborated with other airlines to enhance exchange of information with respect to suppliers list and parts availability, it wasnt able to reduce its rare inventory by 100%. With the implementation of one platform that will help the airline to develop a supply management cycle to hone supplier selection and collaboration improvement, the forecasting can be much accurate to meet the demands in time. At the same time, the platform should be able to stick real time data with its collaborators and suppliers through online communication.What is Cathay Pacific acquire power in aviation spare parts procurement? What are the possible alternatives for improvements in the procurement process?Ans Being ranked as the best airline in 2006, Cathay pacific was able to suck certain purchasing power in aviation spare parts procurement which isStrategic sourcing Cross functional aggroups at Cathay pacific helped in gaining leverage on purchasing by applying a systematic process of reducing the cost of spare parts purchased from different vendors. This process is evident from troop 5 where it simplified the complicated process of sourcing and procurement. This process gave an edge to Cathay pacific in monitoring, evaluating and managing relationships with suppliers to ensure operational effectiveness. With its implementation, the airline was able to leverage purchasing power across different divisions and negotiate favorable prices with the suppliers. Strategic sourcing also focused to consolidate the suppliers database and chose the preferred ones.Aeroxchange system Development of a collaborated supply chain system to expand the sharing and exchange of information (Spare parts availability and suppliers list) with different airlines gave an advantage to Cathay Pacific to select a supplier from the commodious database. After its launch in 2000, technological advancement in Aeroxhange made this system capable of doing numerous tasks which helped the airlines to be more effective in their procurement. E.g. In 2001, Aeroxchange launched its e-procurement platform to integrate the partners for quote management and also it incorporated the service order management in 20052.Although Cathay pacific invested a lot of time and money to improve their procurement, there are still many rooms for the advancement in their processes. The history of Cathay pacific (obtained from case study) says that they have ever tried to lock the deals with the airlines and individual suppliers to enhance their procurement process. On the other hand, one point that should have been taken into account was establishing strateg ic alinements with the manufacturers (Boeing and Airbus) for the procurement activities. An alliance where manufacturers should focus on the materials management and help Cathay pacific to focus on core business activities. The integrated alliance with Boeing and airbus go will help to achieve greater transparency and efficiency in the resource operations. These services are acquired by most of the big players in the market like Delta airlines and capital of Singapore airlines where they succeeded in generating good revenues by focusing on their core activities3. The other alternative for improvement is to reward the suppliers to suggest the cost saving ideas. This will help the airline to develop a sense of competition among suppliers for developing a sustainable and cost effective model for procurement which will eventually guide in increasing the productivity of the fleet.What are the advantages disadvantages for Cathay Pacific to use third party logistics (3PL) partners for t heir repair management and logistics management? What are the criteria for Cathay Pacific to choose her 3PL partners for repair management logistics management?Ans AdvantagesEconomy of scale and economy of scope The major outcome for firms to switch to 3PL is the value they will generate from economy of scale which means Cathay pacific will have the advantage of large truck fleets and warehouses. At the same time, it can enjoy the gain ground of economy of scope by reducing costs and boosting the net value of airline. The benefits of these economies are attained depending on the type of 3PL partner (e.g. IT based or component based). Secondly these benefits can help the logistics to work effectively and efficiently which will also enhance the repair management by providing access to right spare part at the right time.Capital investment Outsourcing logistics and repair activities can help Cathay pacific to save cost and hence reduce financial risks. Assets required in establishin g distribution centers and networks normally need a huge sum of money that encompasses financial risks and hence by outsourcing, these risks can be dispense to 3PL partners. Once the hedging of risk in complicated processes is done, airlines can focus more on their core activities.Cost effectiveness To perform the activities of repair and logistics managers, Cathay pacific hands millions of dollars to labors. However outsourcing these activities will result in saving the capital which can be spent on further expansion of the airline.DisadvantagesLoss of guarantee Outsourcing 3PL partners will lead to loss of hold and control over their logistics and repair activities. The transparency in these networks would diminish to great extent and may lead to underperformance.Discontinuity of services There could be some sort of reasons on the 3PL partner side which could lead in discontinuity in their services. At the end of the day, the contract and law forces the 3PL to pay the compensat ion of loss but that wouldnt help an airline to continue the service efficiently during the specific time.Difference of opinion The opinion differences between lymph node and 3PL partners can hinder the service of an airline whose fortune is derived from the time where every minute delay incurs a cost. On the other hand, it will certainly be a roadblock for the further expansion of the airline.Criteria for choosing 3PL partnerFormation of a team While choosing a 3PL for logistic and repair management, cross functional team should be made from different divisions of an airline such as inventory management, control, quality testing etc. Forming a cross functional team will help Cathay pacific to choose the 3PL provider that meets their requirements.Objective setting The objective setting will depend on the requirement of an airline such as cost cutting and focusing on core competencies. Once the firm has set its objectives, it is easy to select a 3PL provider that will best suit the needsService availability Based on the needs and objectives of an airline, the next and most important step is to shortlist the 3PL providers who provide those services. Given the fact that logistic and repair management are the core activities that defines the performance of an airlines carrier, the cross functional team should consider all minor and major aspects to close the deal.

Market analysis of Stratsim management simulations

Market analysis of Stratsim management theoretical accountsStratSim management simulations be on-line games pioneered by Michael Deighan and Stuart W.James from Virginia USA aimed at giving students a wider exposure in the real world business arena. The initiators perceived students to view the simulations as a unique study event where the knowledge gained so far within the academic years could be now made into practices.Quintessentially, apart from being a learning convey it was anticipated to bring a challenge to both managers and executives. According to the case, This is far easier to say than to achieve.1.1. Industry OverviewStratSim management simulation was a game-like, all about contrastive firms operating(a) in an automobile industry whose managers compete to the maximum by setting goals and objectives that are intended to outwit its immediate and within industry competitors. The managers utilise efforts to the best of their abilities so as to ensure right decisions ar e put forward just to earn superb profits due to greater sales ascribed by the management.Alin concert, throughout the simulations there had been a total number of seven (7) firms ranging from firms A, B, C, D, E, F A and G. The initial alphabets of each firm meant that its respective vehicles began with either of them from A until G. All these firms had a similar starting point to commence its operations including funds.Among the firms, the best one was to be judged on performance bases mainly in price of market share, market value, income generated as well as efficiency in playing with the marketing overlyls i.e. marketing mix (4 Ps).1.2. regulars OverviewFirm F was a convention formed by four members who are Raya Nassor, Sarah Alley, Shahista Hasmani and I, the author of this report. Firm F comprised of three (3) vehicles which were Fantasy, Fast and Fish spot their classes were Family, Truck and Economy respectively.I worked hand-in-hand with my colleagues in making the be st decisions for our firms survival in an ocean of high waves of competition. The firms utmost intention was to position itself as a market leader by entryway new markets and meeting the needs and desires of customers through vehicle attributes.However, there was a class which wasnt served by almost all the rival firms. It was cognise as AEV which moldiness be addressed as technology modern with integrated marketing efforts. As far as Firm F is concerned, my colleagues and I decided non to opt for it as our firm was keen enough on cost minimisation and non spendthrifts of resources.2.0. Mission and VisionMission StatementMission teaching aims to provide employees and stakeholders with clarity about the overall purpose and raison dtre of the organisation. (Johnson et al 2009, p.112)According to Peter Drucker (father of modern management), what is our business? is all about its mission. It is also known as creed of statement.Firm Fs statement of purpose could beTo address differe nt consumer segments desires through value creation with respect to their financial capability when it comes to automobiles and at long last ending-up with immense profits generated from sales.Vision StatementA vision statement is concerned with what the organisation aspires to be. Its purpose is to set out a view of the future so as to enthuse, gain commitment and stretch performance. (Johnson et al 2009, p.112)Therefore, firm Fs dream is as followsTo be a telephoner of the batch, for the populate and by the tribe in the automobile industry.3.0. External and Internal AnalysisThese are the frameworks used to carry out an analysis of an organisations progress by examining two major extremes, the midland (internal) as well as the outer (external) environments.3.1. PESTELThe PESTEL framework categorises environmental influences into six main types political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. (Johnson et al 2009, p.25)The external environment is much more interlacing than internal because the earlier could exert enormous pressure to firm F to the extent of de end pointining its ways to carry on its operations. Now let me taste all the six pointors while reflecting firm F.PoliticalThis refers to the roles played by the government together with the degree of countries stability which will influence production of the force back vehicles for firm F to move on or lag behind. Also, this pointor will determine whether the firm is undermined by a particular set of restrictions in its business such as not manufacturing vehicles which are similar to those possessed by the government.Throughout my analysis, all the firms including firm F were operating in a peaceful environment for the following causesFirms were increasingly thinking on product development and further production.Various customer categories continued to buy automobiles of their desire as they did not doubt the political situation in their areas.Increase in the number of d ealers in all the extremes of a compass direction.EconomicWithin the manakin of the game, the business cycle wasnt predictable due to the fact that pricing structures employed by the automobile firms was different to one another.Firm F and other were aggressive towards increasing the dealer discount rates thinking that it would boost its beat back vehicle sales and hence increase its profitability.However, the economy of the firms operating in the simulation kept on deteriorating with reference to the starting market shares, market values, crinkle price and overall net income. At the end, economies were badly shaped.SocialThis refers to the society in which the firms are operating their automobile business. Within the society, people differ in culture and demography. Some had been considering others as their point of reference in buying sealed cars.Also, its obvious that as there are many automobile firms means more vehicles down the roads and hence more traffic collisions to t he extent of delaying people planned activities during the day.TechnologicalAdvancement in technology was restricted among the firms as there were maximum limitations of technological capabilities in interior, styling, safety and quality extremes for which not a single firm could exceed.Above all, the firms were given an opportunity to make developments and marketing for a new class i.e. AEV which at the start had no introduced vehicle. The AEV being technology-driven, it is assertable that it could use electricity, gas or other means. From my narrow view, I perceive AEV development to be more risky.EnvironmentalHere Im greatly concerned because while vehicles are developed who knows how the waste materials are damped. This may have greatly deteriorated the soil and the species inhibiting in and on. These vehicles emit green house gases which add more wellness concerns to its own users through pollution after the fuel has been burnt in the engines.LegalIt is up to the government to make sure that, a firm which goes against the motor laws, health and safety regulations, environmental preservation and trade practices are debarred from operating in the automobile industry.The government should enact laws which limit the number of vehicles to be possess by a single person unless it is big company with large operations in-order to minimise pollution on air, land and water sources.3.2. Porters Five Forces sit downAccording to Michael Porter, there are five cut-throat forces that demonstrate the rules of competition within the automobile industry and which determine both industry attractiveness and the degree of profitability. These forces areThreat of new EntrantsThroughout my analysis, I realised that for a firm to enter into automobile industry is not that much easy due to the reasons that, too much investment funds will be required to have a successful starting point as a matter of fact its not all about producing but knowing the needs of the market through R esearch and Development (RD) which costs greatly.For late movers, enjoying economies of scale will be highly minimal because there are giants already operating in large scales. Some of the giants may have done either backward or forward integration which may distract new entrants.Hence, the threat of new entrants in the automobile industry is low but firms need to be senseless careful as the world is dynamic.Threat of SubstitutesThere are plenty of substitutes to vehicles but it doesnt mean people will shift towards them i.e. bicycles, scooters and walking. I dont expect people to abandon automobiles due to increasing costs instead people will shift to more economical ones from luxurious.Hence, the threat of substitutes is medium.Bargaining federal agency of SuppliersSuppliers degree of power is low due to the existence of a big number of components and parts distributors in the automobile industry. It is in all likelihood for a manufacturer to switch from one provider to the oth er. On the other side, firms at StartSim are likely to enjoy low prices of components because suppliers are many.Bargaining power of BuyersIn the StratSim world, this is high as customers are likely to navigate from one manufacturer to another if their needs and desires are not well addressed considering the fact that, there are almost seven (7) firms operating in automobiles.Reluctantly, firms will be forced to stick on customers decisions on the requirements, pricing and other vehicle attributes. Customers are the core and a major reason for the firms existence.Rivalry IntensityThis is very high because of the presence of many firms including firm F operating in the automobiles. These firms used various business strategies which have got differing personal effects to the competition intensity. Hence, the degrees of profitability and market shares will differ at large.3.3. SWOT ANALYSISThis is a framework used to examine internal and external environment.Strengths (Internal)Firm Fs names of its motor vehicles were unique i.e. Fantasy, Fast and Fish which couldnt be easily imitated by its rivals.Weaknesses (Internal)Mismanagement of stocks which had a greater chance in value together with more inventory days.Failure to make proper use of the marketing tools i.e. promotions and prices.Firm Fs product ranges didnt compete effectively with those of its competitors.Opportunities (External)The AEV class vehicles could be a course of study for firm F to maximise its market share and sales growth.Poor performance in other firms could allow firm F to gain more customers who couldnt benefit from the earlier firms.Moving into markets which were not served before through market and product development.Threats (External)Continuous technological developments for which firm F couldnt cope.Global economic recessions resulting to fall in currencies and slowing vehicles demands.Automobile industry being competitive, firm Fs employees may have been head-hunted by other rival firms leading moving away the company secrets.4.0. Strategic PlanningStrategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantage in a changing environment through its cast of resources and competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations. (Johnson et al 2009, p.3)Planning refers to making decisions on which strategic choices to carry forward in the course of the business.4.1. Basic StrategyFirm Fs long term strategy is to offer vehicles with the lower possible investments but in maximum numbers with the intention of increasing the net cumulative income and market share from uttermost 1 until period 4 with much focus on the Family class.4.2. TechnologyFirm F thought that to go hand-in-hand with advancing technology as not necessary because it could lead it away from high profitability. Instead minor upgrades in the vehicle attributes are considered. Technology will be used to minimise wastage so as to increase productivity.4.3. Financial ControlThe management of firm F aspires to have immense sales and increasing profitability but at equivalent time controlling Research Development as it wont like to spend a lot for it. It looks forward to increase assets held while decreasing liabilities including debts.4.4. tradeFirm F intend to create awareness to both society and potential customers through advertisements and promotions. Also, efforts will be done to review pricing structures and the vehicles with colligate products to be of value to customers. Distribution points will be monitored too.4.5. Future DevelopmentThe management of firm F looks forward to do major upgrades in its motor vehicles if the level of profitability will permit it to do so. Otherwise, the kind of development which is expected could be maximising of the firms plant production capacity.5.0. Lesson I learnt from simulation doI came with a mindset that a firms market share could be inversely proportional to net cumulative income. A lso, it wasnt a good idea at times to discuss with members from rival groups as my group was at last decision mislead by another group leading to its low income and stock price too.Teamwork is the essence towards achieving success as decisions were jointly made by group members who differed in knowledge, background and experience.6.0. ConclusionTo me, it was much lucrative due to the fact that I had been exposed from theoretical to practical because the simulations made me think outside the box as to whether the strategies I took part in could outwit competitors.Finally, I restrain that a business without strategy wont have a direction.

Reflection on Nursing Presentation

Reflection on Nursing monstrance REFLECTION ON MY PRESENTATIONIntroductionAs part of my overseas computer programme I had to pose a 15 minutes presentation on choice of subject in former of my colleagues. An hard-hitting presentation makes the best use of the relationship surrounded by the presenter and the audience. It takes full consideration of the audiences needs in order to capture their interest, develop their understanding, inspire their confidence and carry out the presenters objectives (University of Leicester, 2009).According to Nickolas (2003), to facilitate an effective presentation there are four elements. They are be by and by, Preparation, Practicing, PresentingPlanning it includes filling of an important publication, finding the learning outcomes, organising the content, preparing the visuals.Preparation The principal(prenominal) aim is to prepare clear, simple and attractive visuals. For eg effective power point slides.Practicing Practice makes perfection it includes rehearse and pre rehearse. In rehearse practicing the things you are in lead doing, just in pre rehearse practicing the things you might have to do.Presenting It includes facial expression, pace, voice, body movements, use of pointer, roles etcIn order to write a reflection I selected Gibbs 1988 model. It is mainly employ by health professionals. To reflect is non lavish, you then have to put into workout the learning and new understanding you have handed therefore allowing the reflective shape to inform your practice. Taking action is the key Gibbs prompts the practitioner to formulate an action plan. This enables the reflective practitioner to look at their practice and see what they would change in the future, how they would develop/improve their practice (Gibbs, 1988).It has got six various stages. Which are description, feeling ,evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan.DescriptionAs part of my overseas nursing program I had to submit a 15 minutes p resentation on choice of subject on the final day at university. On my stay of homework I was very confused closely the selection of topic. Variety of topics was in my mind. Finally I decided my topic which was percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy provide and the care of unhurried with PEG.I was really satisfied when I selected the topic. Because I felt it is going to be an important and useful information for all the nurses in their work place. Initial period of my lineage in this country have come across patients with PEG tube. It was a new experience for me. After the selection of my topic I started doing some research on it. I read some books, journals, and collected information from search engines.Evidence ground practice fix as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making nursing decisions about the care of individual patients (Sackett, 1996). As it is a problem solving approach to the todays healthcare system, it brings better clini cal decisions and patient outcome.In order to make my presentation more effective and clear I decided to use some visuals, this was power point slides. My slides were simple and easy to understand. Once I finished my preparation I started to practise. I practised in front of my family just to reduce the stage fear. At the day of presentation I was confident enough to present in front of a group.FeelingIn order to adjust the eon our group was divided in to two. I was the third person in the first group. On the day I was slightly nervous especially few minutes before the presentation starts. Fortunately I felt very confident at the time of presentation and the colleagues were really supportive and responsive which plusd my comfortlevel with in the class. Now I feel , by doing this presentation helped me to achieve an important skill in my profession, as teaching has an active part in nursing.Evaluation International Center for Alcohol Policies (2014) says Evaluation offers a comm ission to determine whether an initiative has been worthwhile in terms of delivering what was intend and expected. It has an important role to improve own skills. After my presentation I approached my tutor and she gave me a very effective and clear feedback. She explained my aims, learning outcomes, introduction of presentation was clearly stated. I used appropriate aids and the delivery of presentation was appropriate, and it was evidence based withal. The place where I could improve was the time management as I was little short on my time.AnalysisAccording to Ritchey, (1996) Analysis is defined as the procedure by which we break down an intellectual or substantial full-page into parts or components. After my presentation I have departed through my experience once a pull and I felt my selection of topic was right as I saw my colleagues enjoyed the topic. But I was a little bit disappointed as I was a bit short on my time. When I was practicing at home I make real I was on time . With this presentation I understood the importance of planning and organising the work as well as time management.Conclusion I lay down it myself the opportunity I got from the overseas nursing program was really great. Teaching in front of a group of people was a stressful job for me. When I realized I had to do it I tried for the level best and the feedback from my tutor made me more strong. Nurse has an important role in teaching the staff. In my future career I will be more confident to teach people , because I understood that, it will increase my knowledge as well.Action plan I will be doing another presentation in my work place regarding moving and use as we have m all new staff started. Before I do it I will make sure I will reach my intended time limit. Moreover that, I will go through reading materials and prepare the contents from evidence based knowledge. This section I am planning to do it with a mixture of theory and practical. I will show them the different types o f hoists, slings and how to use it. It will be more easier to understand the moving and handling technique. Adhering to NMC code (2008) I will update my knowledge and skills throughout my career.ReferencesGibbs, G. (1988). Learning by Doing a guide to teaching and learning methods. London Further program line Unit.Nickolas, F (2003). Effective presentations, distance consulting www.nickols.uk (Last accessed on 04/02/2014)NMC(2008) The code. http//www.nmc-uk.org/Documents/Guidance/NMC-Guidance-on-professional-conduct-for-nursing-and-midwifery-students.PDF (Last accessed on 10/01/2014).International Center for Alcohol Policies (2014) What Is Evaluation. Online.(Last accessed on 24/02/2014) . http//www.icap.org/PolicyTools/Toolkits/EvaluationToolkit/2WhatIsEvaluation/tabid/441/Default.aspxRitchey T, (1996) On Scientific rule ground on a Study by Bernhard Riemann. Analysis and Synthesis. Online.(Last accessed on 20/02/2014) http//swemorph.com/pdf/anaeng-r.pdfSackett, D.L., Rosenberg , W.M., Gray, J.A., Haynes, R.B. and Richardson, W.S. (1996) Evidence based medicine What it is and what it isnt, British Medical Journal.University of Leicester (2009) Planning an effective presentation. Learning development .online. (Last accessed on 10/02/2014).http//www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/pdfs-of-study-guides/presentation- skills-pdfs/planning-presentation-v1.0.pdf.R PhilipPage 1Reflection on Nursing PresentationReflection on Nursing PresentationWorking in the operative ward entails numerous responsibilities for a health care practitioner like me. Thinking about the holistic care, recovery of patients and minimising some(prenominal) complications from occurring are a few of those responsibilities that a surgical nurse always has to keep in mind. According to Anthony Lee (2007), whether it is abdominal surgery, plastic surgery, or any other invasive surgical treatment, it is dangerous to assume 100% safety. He also stressed that due to the miracles that surgery gives , people might often tend to forget the risks and complications that go with it.One of these risks commonly associated with surgery is the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in the postoperative phase. In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a significant risk for surgical patients especially those undergoing orthopaedic surgery and lengthy procedures (ICS 2002, SIGN 2002, Geerts et al 2004, ICS 2006, NICE 2007). This fact gave me the interest of choosing DVT prevention as my topic for the presentation so as to make me and the listeners more knowledgeable about DVT risk assessment prevention thus eradicating this complication from occurring.This essay points out a reflection about the 15-minute seminar presentation that I completed within the course of my study. Utilising the Gibbs (1988) reflective model, I would be sharing my learning and feelings based on the whole experience.DESCRIPTIONDuring the first meeting with our programme tutors, we were orien tated to prepare a 15-minute presentation of any topic related to our whole adaptation experience which would particularly focus on evidence-based practice. This would assess not only our knowledge and mastery of the chosen topic but it would also assess our communication and presentational skills. Based on the assignment given, I made a research about evidence based practice to guide me in choosing my topic. As cited by Sackett, et al (1996), evidence based practice is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. The practice of evidence-based medicine means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. Based on these findings, I carried on with my quest for an interesting topic.Within the week, I was able to take care of a patient who was admitted for suspected deep vein thrombosis when he halt wearing his antiembolic stock ings. His wife had difficulty putting them on his legs. He was my patient the previous month when he had a total hip replacement done. This patient made me realise how important antiembolic stockings are and made me interested about DVT. Thus, I finally decided to present about the prevention of DVT in surgical patients.In preparation for the upcoming presentation day, I started my research by checking the internet for any information regarding DVT and its prevention. There were so much information from different sources and reading on these different sources made the topic confusing for me. So, I started searching for an article from journals that would be perfect for my presentation and which I could focus on. I found an article from the Journal of Perioperative Practice and based my presentation on that article. I organised my presentation, added more relevant information from different sources, and made a structured powerpoint presentation based from the researches made. I also added pictures colourful designs to make my visual aids creative. I studied on my topic and did a pot of practice days before the final day to make me more confident.FEELINGSThe awaited presentation day finally came. To boost my confidence and impress the viewers, I was all dressed up to look smart. I was so nervous while waiting for my turn to present especially that it was quite a vast time ago that I have had presentations like this. I was also a bit worried that the time allotted for my presentation would not be enough for me because I made it as comprehensive as possible. I was also planning to give a short exercise for the viewers to gain interaction from them.When it was my turn to speak up, the confidence came out and the nervousness faded. I was able to explain the whole topic thoroughly without any difficulty and the 15 minutes went so quickly. I was able to attract attention from the viewers by making the presentation as lively as possible and gaining interaction fro m them through exchange of ideas. At the end of the presentation, I was also able to assess their understanding of the topic by conducting a short exercise about DVT risk assessment. My presentation went smoothly and before I knew it, it came to an end. I really enjoyed being on stage much more than the whole preparation phase.military ratingAfter everyone presented their topics, our assessors gave us their evaluation about our performances. The assessor gave me very good feedback regarding my overall performance. I was so surprised that he gave me the highest possible grade in all the criteria. I was informed that I had very good communication interaction skills and that I mastered my topic really well. I was so dexterous with feedback from my assessor and from my fellow classmates as well. I can never believe that I have that much confidence in me and that I was able to intoxicate the presentation. One comment that I could possibly give about my presentation is the fact that I made it so comprehensive that the 15 minutes was not enough for me to really explain some of the topics well. I asked for an extension of the time given so as I could finish the exercise.ANALYSISThis experience made me prove to myself that I am able to attain my goals with perseverance and belief in myself. I gained so much learning and realisations from the whole experience and these after effects are whats most important to make me a better person and a better professional. As defined, learning could be thought of as a process by which demeanour changes as a result of experience (Maples and Webster 1980 quoted in Merriam and Caffarella 1991 124). I am hoping that this experience would make me change my behaviour to be more confident when interacting with other people.CONCLUSIONThe entire experience was an excellent way of gaining knowledge about evidence based practice. But, it was not center on the reinforcement of our knowledge alone but on the enhancement of our communication and interaction skills. I can say that I gave my best to deliver a good presentation but still, there is always a room for improvement. I can say that the topic that I covered was too long to fit in a 15 minute presentation and because of that, I was rushing to finish all my slides within the allotted time. So, the next time I would do another presentation, I have realised that I should simplify the topics and practice more beforehand to know if the allotted time is enough for the whole presentation.ACTION PLANWith this activity, I have gained much learning and had improved my presentational skills. In the future, I would expect to be more confident in doing presentations and be able to anticipate the tasks that need to be done beforehand. I would spend more time in preparation for the activity to gain more confidence and to prevent any difficulties from occurring.

Free Essays - The Significance of Sleep in Macbeth :: Macbeth essays

The Signifi toilettece of Sleep in Macbeth       The sleepless are affected by fear that kills those whom are close to the victim of sleeplessness. In the book of Macbeth it expresses the report card of death and fear by associating the character with the key word sleep and all of its associations. In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, various words are used that can be associated to different meanings through the different characters. The book talks about a great warrior during the medieval period that overcomes his adversaries through brutal military maneuver and deceit. Macbeth stole the thr iodine of Scotland from the rightful Prince Malcolm, and threw the country into chaos through his evil reign. His own conscious eats away at him until he reveals that he had slay people to get to his position after which he is killed in a battle for control of Scotland and his reign ends. Through the actions and behavior of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and their association s with fear, the reader learns that as yet the strongest of people have fears.     Sleep is a word that is thought to be associated with rest, and being tired. But, when used through Macbeth it tends to take a whole new meaning. Macbeth is one of those characters that are violent by nature. He cannot live unless he is causing harm or death, but his own conscious eats away at him until he finally snaps, Were the graced person of our Banquo present who may I rather challenge for unkindness than pity for mischance (3.4.51-54, Macbeth p.99). After having Banquo murdered, Macbeth sees his ghost sitting at the dinner table. Macbeth grows impatient and worried, which reveals that he had a hand in Banquos murder. Through Macbeths actions, his wife Lady Macbeth begins to go crazy, Out, damned spot Out, I say cardinal two. (5.1.34, Lady Macbeth p.155). Lady Macbeth is plagued with the guilt of those who have been murderd by here husband. She also realizes that she has s et up her husband to die. In terms of sleep Macbeth refers to sleep as death. Which is something he does not fear until he realizes that he is not invincible, I will not yield, to kiss the ground before young Malcoms feet and to be baited with the rabbles curse.

Reparations For Descendents of African Slaves in America Essay

Reparations For Descendents of African Slaves in the States Slavery has been entwined with American history ever since Dutch traders brought 20 captive Africans to Jamestown, Virginia in 1619. Slavery in America is a subject with minimal truths and stories rarely told. The public school system excludes the fact that eight of the first twelve American presidents were major slaveholders. Emancipation brought freedom, but not approximation. The civil rights movement killed Jim Crow, but shadows remained. Affirmative Action created opportunities, but racism continues. So wherefore shouldnt the great-great grandchildren of those who worked for free and were deprived of education and were kept in bondage not be compensated? Why should American taxpayers who never owned slaves pay for the sins of ancestors they dont tear down know? Ask one question and it leads to another. How would the economy be affected? How do you put a price tag on over cardinal centuries of legalized inhuma nity? In what form would reparations be paid? How would you establish who is a descendant? Questions start debates. The Merriam Webster dictionary defines reparations as the act of making amends for a wrong. Money paid by a defeated nation in compensation for damages caused during hostilities, is also included in the definition. It is essential to locate the consider for reparations within a framework of law and justice. The following four propositions are truths that attempt to conceptualize a legal framework for the formulation and prosecution of the consider for reparations. First, the evil enslavement of Africans was a crime against humanity.Secondly, domestic and international law recognizes that those who commit crimes against humanity mus... ...ington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office. Gifford, A. (1993). Legal Arguments in arrest of Reparations First Pan-African Congress on Reparations. Federal Republic of Nigeria. Mazrui, A. (1998). Black Reparations in a Con servative World of Racial Aspirations and Political Realities. New York Global Publications. Rhone, S. (2000, January 28). America?s debt to blacks. The Post Dispatch, pC1. Robinson, R. (1999). The Debt What America Owes to Blacks. New York Dutton. Ruble, R. (2000, February 4). Riot reparations sought. The Associated Press, p.B1. Saul, M. (1997, June 30). U.S. legislation could pay money to descendents. The Dallas Morning News, p.C2. Westley, R. (1998, December). Many Billions Gone. Boston College Law Review, XL, 11.